Based on the latest laboratory test and prospect well data of G layer in south depression of D basin, the source rock、reservoir、cap-rock and preservation forming condition of tight oil and gas within research area is analyzed. The results indicate that the widely distributed dark mudstone of J layer has rather high organic content .IIb and III types are the mainly genetic types of organic matte...

Venezuela possesses the Western Hemisphere’s largest conventional proven oil reserves at 77.8 billion barrels and has proved natural gas reserves of 148 trillion cubic feet, the largest in Latin America and the seventh-largest in the world. Despite these abundant resources, economic performance of the country has been poor. Oil production declined steadily every year beginning in 1973 and by th...

In this paper we consider problems of optimization and selection of development systems (technologies) of oil/gas fields, consisting of some disjoint oil/gas pools (in terms of hydrodynamics), tied by resource constraints or general oil/gas production plan. In order to solve these problems, formulated as MILP models, we have developed approximate algorithm using Lagrangian relaxation (see Mikha...

physical and chemical properties of  crude oil, including viscosity and api gravity, are commonly inherited  from the  early organic matter, environmental conditions in which they were deposited and depth of burial of the source beds. api gravity increases in deeper burial due to higher thermal maturation of organic matter in the source rocks and consequently, generation of lighter saturated hy...

Figure 1: Benthic mat surfaces 24 Figure 2: Fatty acids in mats 25 Figure 3: Gas headspace from mat incubations 26 Figure 4: Hierarchical clustering of mat phylochip gradient fractions 27 Figure 5: Phylochip hydridization intensities from mat incubations 28 Figure 6: Recovered benthic mat plate 29 Figure 7: Isotope incorporation from mat incubations 30 Figure 8: Relative abundance of taxa occup...

The Ellenburger Group of the West Texas Permian Basin is part of a Lower Ordovician carbonate platform sequence that covers a large area of the United States. During the Early Ordovician, the Permian Basin area was located on the southwest edge of the Laurentia plate between 20° and 30° latitude. The equator crossed northern Canada, situating Texas in a tropical to subtropical latitude. The are...

The aim of this paper is to examine the impact of temperature shock on both near-month and far-month natural gas and heating oil futures returns by extending the weather and storage models of the previous study. Several notable findings from the empirical studies are presented. First, the expected temperature shock significantly and positively affects both the near-month and far-month natural g...

supply security of energy is one of the main challenges of industrialized countries in recent decades. also, it has been noted that in recent years other countries like new emergence asian countries and latin american countries, have understood the role and importance of energy. however, oil and gas have more importance for numerous reasons such as convenience availability, high thermal value a...