Public awareness of the health hazards of smoking intensified when the subject received national publicity. To assess tobacco industry tactics to counter adverse publicity, we performed a content analysis of cigarette ads in selected issues of Time magazine, for selected years from 1929-84. The analysis showed direct responses to health concerns in all of the years of major smoking-and-health "...

BACKGROUND: Neck dissection is an important surgical procedure for the management of metastatic nodal disease in the neck. The gold standard of neck nodal management has been the radical neck dissection. Any modification in the neck dissection is always compared with this standard. Over the last few decades, in order to alleviate the morbidity of radical neck dissection, several modifications a...

concentrate our attention upon the work of the little-known or even anonymous masters and endeavor to delineate the outlines of a "style" belonging not only to an individual but to a generation and a country. Particular problems in the decorative arts can in this way lead to an understanding of the mind and taste of a bygone age that is quite unexpected. Hence it is that such studies in the hig...

The use of transgenic Bt maize hybrids continues to increase significantly across the Corn Belt of the United States. In 2009, 59% of all maize planted in Illinois was characterized as a "stacked" gene variety. This is a 40% increase since 2006. Stacked hybrids typically express one Cry protein for corn rootworm control and one Cry protein for control of several lepidopteran pests; they also fe...

As argued, among others, by Gaston Bachelard in The Poetics of Space (1958), a house which has been inhabited over period time becomes composite its physical structure and the mental space created residents’ thoughts, dreams memories. This article analyses two contemporary novels houses as tangible manifestations temporally remote experience provide link to Vic-torian past. Lauren Willig’s That...

The present study is an attempt to reveal features of the Bashkir dramaturgy 1930s when literature was seeking solve problem a new hero. comprehensive analysis dramas carried out. In analyzing principles reflecting reality, researching genre and style features, determining range topics problems, nature conflict dramatic works these years, revealed trend gradual transition drama from diverse mus...

In 1999, in the wake of the Asian financial crisis, the meltdown of the Long-Term Capital Management hedge fund spooking the markets and economic crises in Russia and Brazil, the cover of Time magazine featured “The Committee to Save the World”: the chairman of the U.S. Federal Reserve and the secretary and deputy secretary of the U.S. Treasury. With the cold war over and with what U.S. Secreta...

F rom the prefabricated wooden huts of Antarctic explorers in the early 20th century to the enduring limestone ruins of the Mayan city Ek’ Balam (Black Jaguar) built more than 1,200 years ago (Fig. 1), conservators, archaeologists, and other specialists are striving to understand and combat the physical, chemical, and biological processes responsible for the deterioration of these historic stru...

Interest in the issue of ‘research quality’ is at an all time high. Undoubtedly, one of the key spurs to the quest for higher standards in social research is the evidence-based policy movement. The chosen instrument for figuring out best-possible, future interventions in a particular policy domain is the systematic review of all first-rate, bygone evidence from previous studies in that realm. I...

The second law of thermodynamics has a curious status. Manymodern physicists regard it as an obsolete relic from a bygone age, while many others, even today, consider it one of the most firmly established and secure achievements of science ever accomplished. From the perspective of the foundations of physics, a particularly interesting question is its relationship with the notion of irreversibi...