Developing trigeminal ganglia have been excised from mouse embryos of 9, 10, 11 and 12 days gestation and grown in tissue culture. A quantitative method was used to assess the effect of nerve growth factor (NGF) and an antiserum to NGF (anti-NGF) on fiber outgrowth from the explanted ganglia. Fiber outgrowth from 9-day ganglia (E9 ganglia) appeared to be unaffected by the presence of NGF. Howev...

Though many causes have been considered from mental or anatomical viewpoint, the mechanism of stuttering is not known yet. One candidate for the stuttering occurrence is a dysfunction of basal ganglia. However the detailed relation between the basal ganglia dysfunction and the stuttering is not understood. In this study, based on anatomical, physiological and clinical evidences, we propose a fu...

The cricket is one of the model animals used to investigate neuronal mechanisms underlying adaptive locomotion. An intact walks mostly with a tripod gait, similar other insects. motor control center leg movements located in thoracic ganglia. In this study, we investigated walking gait patterns crickets whose ventral nerve cords were surgically cut gain an understanding how descending signals fr...

Here we review a role of a basal ganglia-brainstem (BG-BS) system throughout the mesopontine tegmentum in the control of various types of behavioral expression. First the basal ganglia-brainstem system may contribute to an automatic control of movements, such as rhythmic limb movements and adjustment of postural muscle tone during locomotion, which occurs in conjunction with voluntary control p...

BACKGROUND Cardiac ganglia were originally thought to contain only cholinergic neurons relaying parasympathetic information from preganglionic brain stem neurons to the heart. Accumulating evidence, however, suggests that cardiac ganglia contain a heterogeneous population of neurons that synthesize or respond to several different neurotransmitters and neuropeptides. Reports regarding monoamine ...

The study aimed to assess central nervous systems in children diagnosed with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD), using the techniques of magnetic resonance (MRI). analyses considered 200 children, both female and male, aged 6–17 years, FASD, as well 32 healthy sexes, 6–16 years. Brain anomalies linear surface area measurements brain corpus callosum were assessed. 1H MRS DWI signals evaluate...

Background The importance of the neuronal microenvironment has been recently highlighted in gut region-specific diabetic enteric neuropathy. Regionally distinct thickening endothelial basement membrane (BM) intestinal capillaries supplying myenteric ganglia coincide with damage different segments. Accelerated synthesis matrix molecules and reduced degradation components may also contribute to i...

BACKGROUND When applying pulsed radiofrequency on dorsal root ganglia for treating chronic lower back pain, maximum efficiency can be expected when a needle is placed 1-2 cm peripheral to the dorsal root ganglion. The object of this study is to analyze images taken after adding contrast to transforaminal epidural injection, categorize root ganglia according to anatomical position, and provide a...

BackgroundCOL4A1/A2 variants affecting the alpha 1 and 2 chains of type IV collagen are increasingly recognized as a cause fetal neonatal intracranial hemorrhage, porencephaly, schizencephaly. Fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in COL4A1/A2-related disorders not well characterized.MethodsThis is retrospective case series MRI eight patients with intraparenchymal hemorrhage (IPH) COL...

Highlights: Characteristics of vascular dementia patients with a history stroke was aimed. The most characteristics are men, post-ischemic stroke, hypertension grade 1, and lesions in the basal ganglia. Abstract: Stroke increase each year. is cerebrovascular disorder caused by disruption cerebral blood flow, which could reason within mind parenchyma to be threat significant disorders. One them ...