BACKGROUND Prediction of extubation failure, particularly in neurocritical patients, is unique and controversial. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify the risk factors for extubation failure in these patients. METHODS A literature search of databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, and Web of Science) was performed up to August of 2013 to identify trials that...

Objective: Gagging is a crucial problem that frequently experienced during dental treatments and affects the success of treatment. The aim this study was to determine frequency gagging in children search impact fear on gagging. Material Methods: In study, 417 volunteer patients aged 6- 14 years who had previous experience applied our clinic for treatment were included. order assess prior examin...

Common foreign bodies in adults include fish bones and improperly chewed meat A 72-year-old Malay gentleman was brought in by his son to the emergency department after he was seen gasping at home. The patient has an underlying history of stroke with neurological deficit include his gag reflex. According to family members, the patient had the symptom a day after he had allegedly consumed a piece...

We present a case of a 7-month-old Filipino who manifested with generalized muscle atrophy and areflexia. She had weak gag reflex and tongue fasciculations. She eventually developed feeding difficulty and recurrent pneumonia. Laboratory work-up showed a slightly elevated serum creatinine kinase (CK) and myopathic changes on electromyography and nerve conduction velocity (EMGNCV) studies. Geneti...

Collet-Sicard syndrome is a rare condition characterized by the unilateral paralysis of the 9th through 12th cranial nerves. We describe a case of a 46-year-old man who presented with dysphagia after a falling down injury. Computed tomography demonstrated burst fracture of the atlas. Physical examination revealed decreased gag reflex on the left side, decreased laryngeal elevation, tongue devia...

Apneusis, or apneustic respirations, is characterized by an abnormal breathing pattern involving gasping and the inability to fully expire. A loss of gag reflex and other cranial nerve deficits are also often accompanied with these respiratory changes. In neurological intensive care units (NICUs), these respiratory and airway changes are not uncommon and have been well documented (Lee et al. 19...