The viviparous hoplonemertean Prosorhochmus americanus (Gibson et al.) is documented for the first time in Virginia. The nemertean occurs on the north jetty at Rudee Inlet, Virginia Beach, VA in the intertidal zone associated with stunted oysters and byssal threads of mussels. This finding raises the number of nemertean species recorded for Virginia to 23 and is the third report of this species...

Nemertines are a phylum of carnivorous marine worms that possess a variety of alkaloidal, peptidic or proteinaceous toxins that serve as chemical defenses against potential predators. The hoplonemertines additionally envenomate their prey with a mixture of proboscis alkaloids delivered with the help of a calcareous stylet that punctures the skin of the victim. Anabaseine, the first of these alk...

SVNOPSIS. The phylum Nemertina, with more than 800 described species, occupies a wide range of habitats and figures prominently in theories of bilaterian evolution. Integuments of nemertines, from a number of habitats and representing the major orders, are compared and the general cell types constituting the epidermis are reviewed and defined. The general construction and cell demography of the...

Spiral cleavage and mosaicism are closely associated in the Annelida, Mollusca, and probably the polyclad Turbellaria, but the evolutionary history of these phenomena remains uncertain. The Acoela, the most primitive order of turbellarians, exhibit spiral cleavage but with the formation of duets of micromeres rather than the more typical quartets. The regulative versus mosaic capacities of the ...

In recent years, a lot of studies have been published dealing with the anatomy of the nervous system in different spiralian species. The only nemertean species investigated in this context probably shows derived characters and thus the conditions found there are not useful in inferring the relationship between nemerteans and other spiralian taxa. Ingroup relationships within Nemertea are still ...

One of the most promising areas of transplantation research is the recent discovery of biomarkers for rejection that are detectable in blood and urine. Biopsy-confirmed rejection, the current gold standard for diagnosis of allograft rejection, is invasive and subject to sampling errors. For example, diagnosis of episodes of rejection of pancreas allografts, which are frequent and can destroy th...

wiener index is a topological index based on distance between every pair of vertices in agraph g. it was introduced in 1947 by one of the pioneer of this area e.g, harold wiener. inthe present paper, by using a new method introduced by klavžar we compute the wiener andszeged indices of some nanostar dendrimers.