The removal of trace organics by a membrane bioreactor-granular activated carbon (MBR-GAC) integrated system were investigated. The results confirmed that MBR treatment can be effective for the removal of hydrophobic (log D>3.2) and readily biodegradable trace organics. The data also highlighted the limitation of MBR in removing hydrophilic and persistent compounds (e.g. carbamazepine, diclofen...

Filtering by Generalized Arc Consistency (GAC) is a fundamental technique in Constraint Programming. Recent advances in GAC algorithms for extensional constraints rely on direct manipulation of tables during search. Simple Tabular Reduction (STR), which systematically removes invalid tuples from tables, has been shown to be a simple yet efficient approach. STR2, a refinement of STR, is consider...

1. Peiró S. Complejidades en la evaluación de intervenciones complejas. Gac Sanit. 2005;19:229–34. 2. Pombo Romero J, Portela Romero M, Vizoso Hermida JR, et al. Evaluación del programa piloto de dispensación de medicamentos en dosis personalizada en Galicia. Gac Sanit. 2007;21:18–23. 3. Puig-Junoy J. Dispensación personalizada frente a la adecuación de los envases. Gac Sanit. 2007;21:23–4. Sal...

Pseudomonas sp. strain PCL1171 undergoes reversible colony phase variation between opaque phase I and translucent phase II colonies, which is dependent on spontaneous mutations in the regulatory genes gacA and gacS. Mutation of the mutS gene and constitutive expression of rpoS increases the frequency at which gac mutants appear 1000- and 10-fold, respectively. Experiments were designed to study...

The adsorption of the fungicide Carbendazim (CBZ) on granular activated carbon (GAC) coconut shell was investigated through batch tests in deionized water. most favorable conditions for CBZ were examined variation mass GAC, temperature, and contact time. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) applied, seeking best condition to optimize future tests. A thermodynamic analysis carried out using Van't ...

Prechlorination is used as an initial step in water purification for public supply. One of the drawbacks of the prechlorination is the reaction between natural organic matters with chlorine forming trihalmethanes. This study aims at evaluating the performance of granular activated carbon (GAC) with sand as a dual filtering media with different depths on removal of trihalomethanes (THMs) for imp...

The paper suggests the use of Multi-Valued Decision Diagrams (MDDs) as the supporting data structure for a generic global constraint. We give an algorithm for maintaining generalized arc consistency (GAC) on this constraint that amortizes the cost of the GAC computation over a rootto-terminal path in the search tree. The technique used is an extension of the GAC algorithm for the regular langua...

In this paper we argue that an attractive and potentially very general way of achieving generalized arc consistency (GAC) on a constraint is by using unit propagation (UP) over a clausal theory encoding the constraint. This approach to GAC offers a number of advantages over the traditional approach of designing constraint specific algorithms (propagators). Most importantly, it is easier to impl...

Traces of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) and other chemicals are demonstrated in effluents from sewage treatment plants (STPs) and they may affect quality of surface water and eventually drinking water. Treatment of effluents with granular activated carbon (GAC) or ozone to improve removal of APIs and other contaminants was evaluated at two Swedish STPs, Käppala and Uppsala (88 and 10...

BACKGROUND Evidence for a protective role of physical activity against development of stomach cancer is yet inconclusive. We studied the association of domain-specific physical activity and the risk of gastric adenocarcinoma (GAC), by site and histology, in the MCC-Spain case-control study. METHODS 428 histologically confirmed GAC cases (67% men) including the gastro-esophageal region and 322...