This communication describes the distribution of gibberellins (GAs) in roots and shoots of spinach in relation to photoperiod. From previous work (Metzger, Zeevaart 1980 Plant Physiol 65: 623-626) shoots were known to contain GA(53), GA(44), GA(19), GA(17), GA(20), and GA(29). We now show by combined gas chromatography-mass spectrometry that roots contain GA(44), GA(19), and GA(29). Trace amoun...

Changes in plant hormones and metabolites in long-shoot stems of interior Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca (Beissn.) Franco) during cone induction by gibberellic acid (GA) treatment were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry in multiple reaction monitoring mode. A mixture of GA(4) and GA(7), including small amounts of G...

In the present research we study the codebook generation problem of vector quantization, using two different techniques of Genetic Algorithm (GA). We compared the Simple GA (SGA) method and Ordain GA (OGA) method in vector quantization. SGA with roulette and tournament selection with elitist approach is used in the experiments. The OGA is based on the pair wise nearest neighbour method (PNN). B...

This paper presents new encoding methods for the binary genetic algorithm (BGA) and new converting methods for the real-coded genetic algorithm (RCGA). These methods are developed for the specific case in which some parameters have to be searched in wide ranges since their actual values are not known. The oversampling effect which occurs at large values in the wide range search are reduced by a...

Tritium-labeled gibberellin A(9) ((3)H-GA(9)) was metabolized by etiolated shoots of dwarf pea (Pisum sativum cv. Meteor) to GA(20), GA(10), 2,3-dihydro-GA(31), and a number of highly polar, acidic GA-like substances. Identifications were made by gasliquid radiochromatography and combined gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Kinetic studies showed that GA(30) and 2,3-dihydro-GA(31) were produc...

Two different ferromagnetic-paramagnetic transitions are detected in (Ga,Mn)As/GaAs(001) epilayers from ac susceptibility measurements: transition at a higher temperature results from (Ga,Mn)As cluster phases with [110] uniaxial anisotropy and that at a lower temperature is associated with a ferromagnetic (Ga,Mn)As matrix with 100 cubic anisotropy. A change in the magnetic easy axis from [100] ...

We define Hodge structures as representations, and introduce the Mumford–Tate group MT(H) of a rational Hodge structure. We give a characterization of MT(H) based on properties of reductive groups, and study it for elliptic curves and their powers. We define what it means for a Hodge structure to arise from an abelian variety (as is the case for K3 surfaces), and then focus on cases in which th...

very strong advocate of the occupational therapist's role in prevention. I was particularly pleased with Doble and O'Shea's statements regarding occupational therapy's worldwide status. Our profession can only benefit from intercountry dialogue. If my view of occupational therapy appears provincial to therapists from other countries, it is because I have only recently had the opportunity to beg...