Long-span bridges, as vital structures, play a very important role in economic development. Furthermore, the results of several earthquake-damaged bridges showed that their seismic behavior was different from that predicted under uniform excitation and in some cases the responses were more than predicted results. Therefore, the damaged bridges under non-uniform excitations were re-analyzed and ...

The digital revolution has resulted in explosion of knowledge. It has encouraged and motivated digitization of the intellectual artefact. This creates issues of piracy and copyright. In this paper, the authors propose a novel logo based watermarking scheme for image copyright protection using fuzzy inference system (FIS), discrete wavelet transform (DWT) and human visual system (HVS). Wavelet t...

Nanoporous silicon powder was produced via efficient magnesiothermic reduction. In this work, the thermal effect and reduction process time were investigated on the porous silicon structure. The nanoporous silicon powders were characterized by  X-ray diffraction analysis and field emission scanning electron microscopy. The results demonstrate that porous structure was changed to homogeneous and...

This paper considers a probabilistic inventory model with uniform leadtime demand and fuzzy cost components under probabilistic and imprecise constraints. Firstly we solve the model by general fuzzy non-linear programming technique. Then intuitionistic fuzzy optimization technique is applied and finally, regarding the optimization of the objective function a comparative study is presented among...

To avoid distorting the visual information in an image, smoothing algorithms must preserve the details. However, some fine details are frequently treated as noise by general smoothing filters. In such situations,we encounter the problem of ambiguity or uncertainty between noise and fine details. A new nonlinear smoothing method using fuzzy reasoning techniques is proposed. Fuzzy set theory [1,2...

A new definition of boundedness of linear order-homomorphisms (LOH)in $L$-topological vector spaces is proposed. The new definition iscompared with the previous one given by Fang [The continuity offuzzy linear order-homomorphism, J. Fuzzy Math. 5 (4) (1997)829$-$838]. In addition, the relationship between boundedness andcontinuity of LOHs is discussed. Finally, a new uniform boundednessprincipl...

the certainty assumption that is used in economic analysis, althouth is easier in analysis, may be but not logical because in most projects time is playing a key role. in this time horizon the amount of income and future costs affecting by factors that are not managable by investors and can not to be forecasted. therefore in practice usually there is a gap between forecased and real variables. ...

A fuzzy bag is a bag in which each occurrence of an element is associated with a grade of membership. This notion can be viewed as a generalization of the concepts of set, fuzzy set and bag. The set of fuzzy integers (Nf ) provides a general characterization in which all these different concepts are treated in a uniform way and can then be composed. In the field of databases, the use of fuzzy b...