rapid urban growth is resulting into increase in travel demand and private vehicle ownership in urban areas. in the present scenario the existing infrastructure has failed to match the demand that leads to traffic congestion, vehicular pollution and accidents. with traffic congestion augmentation on the road, delay of commuters has increased and reliability of road network has decreased. four s...

in this paper the factors having influence on travel demand to iran are paper explored. the hypothesis of the research specifies the variable of “domestic upheavals and insecurity” as the most significant obstacle to expansion of the demand for travel to iran. to test the above hypothesis, first several demand models that have been proposed to study demand for tourism in different countries, ar...

This article argues that investigating the conceptual structure underlying the use of the pluperfect and the future perfect reveals a new complex type of nested dual mental time travel: mental time travel into posteriority embedded into mental time travel into “anteriority in the past” (underlying the pluperfect) versus mental time travel into posteriority embedded into mental time travel into ...

The collapse of geographical space over the last 200 years has had profound effects on the circulation of human populations and on the transfer of infectious diseases. Three examples are used to illustrate the process: (a) the impact of the switch from sail to steamships in importing measles into Fiji over a 40-year period; (b) changes in measles epidemic behaviour in Iceland over a 150-year pe...

Abstract. In this research we concentrate on developing and analyzing a programming model for a version of uncertain vehicle routing problems (VRPs). The customers demands are random fuzzy variables and the travel times between customers follow given probability distributions. Vehicles set out from a single depot, serve a number of customers and upon completion of their service, return to the d...

The application domain of intelligent transportation is plagued by a shortage of data sources that adequately assess traffic situations. Currently, to provide routing and navigation solutions an unreliable travel time database that consists of static weights as derived from road categories and speed limits is used for road networks. With the advent of Floating Car Data (FCD) and specifically th...

At its core, genetics is a historical discipline. Mutations are passed on from generation to generation and accumulate as a result of chance as well as of selection within and between populations and species. However, until recently, geneticists were confined to the study of present-day genetic variation and could only indirectly make inferences about the historical processes that resulted in t...

For example, if someone is in the central business district of a large city, it might be cheapest to walk to a given destination. However, if the traveler has a particularly high value of travel time, the person might elect to pay for a ride to get to his or her destination faster. Similarly, a person driving a car might be faced with the choice between sitting in congestion or electing to pay ...

We describe a system called Olive that freezes and precisely reproduces the environment necessary to execute software long after its creation. It uses virtual machine (VM) technology to encapsulate legacy software, complete with all its software dependencies. This legacy world can be completely closed-source: there is no requirement for availability of source code, nor a requirement for recompi...