Lung samples were collected from dead birds (chickens, ducks, pigeons, and partridges) from farms in 3 affected regions (Greater Accra, Volta and Ashanti regions) in Ghana. Samples were frozen at 80°C in virus transport medium containing 2.5% veal infusion broth (Becton Dickinson, Franklin Lakes, NJ, USA), 0.5% bovine serum albumin (Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA), 100mg/mL gentamicin (Gibco, Fishe...

39 The accessible treatment options for life-threatening neglected visceral leishmaniasis (VL) 40 disease have problems regarding efficacy, stability, adverse effects and cost, making treatment a 41 complex issue. Herein, we formulated nanometric amphotericin B (AmB) encapsulated chitosan42 nanocapsules (CNC-AmB) using polymer deposition technique mediated by nano-emulsion 43 template fabricati...

Fungal infections and leishmaniasis are an important cause of morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients. The macrolide polyene antibiotic amphotericin B (AmB) has long been recognized as a powerful fungicidal and leishmanicidal drug. A conventional intravenous dosage form of AmB, AmB- deoxycholate (Fungizone or D-AmB), is the most effective clinically available for treating fungal a...

BACKGROUND Venoms of two cobras, four vipers, a standard antibiotic and an antimycotic, were evaluated comparatively, as antimicrobials. METHODS Six venom concentrations and three of the standard antibiotic and the antimycotic were run in micro-dilution and diffusion plates against the microorganisms. RESULTS Echis pyramidum, Echis coloratus and Cerastes cerastes gasperettii highest venom c...

Drug Delivery Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr Hari Singh Gour University, Sagar (M.P), india Abstract: Fungal infections and leishmaniasis are an important cause of morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients. The macrolide polyene antibiotic amphotericin B (AmB) has long been recognized as a powerful fungicidal and leishmanicidal drug. A conventional in...

Amphotericin B (AmB) is the first-line agent for the treatment of life-threatening invasive fungal infections. The aim of this study was to monitor AmB in critically ill Saudi patients in ICU after i.v. administration of 0.68 ± 0.1 mg/kg/day Fungizone®. A selective, sensitive and precise UPLC MS/MS method was developed to measure AmB concentrations in these patients. Seven ICU patients with cre...

In the United States, only 10 antifungal drugs are currently approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the therapy of systemic fungal infections. As shown in table 1, these drugs belong to 3 principal classes: polyenes, pyrimidines, and azoles. Drugs that belong to other classes are also approved as topical antifungal drugs, but will not be considered further here. Although convent...

Cytokine antibody arrays were used to establish the profiles of cytokine release from THP-1 monocytes exposed to different amphotericin B (AMB) drug delivery systems. Fungizone (FZ) and Amphotec (ABCD) caused the release of significantly more inflammatory molecules and the release of inflammatory molecules at higher levels than either AmBisome (L-AMB) or Abelcet (ABLC) after 6 h of treatment. S...

OBJECTIVE The objective of this guideline is to provide recommendations for treating patients with the more common forms of histoplasmosis. PARTICIPANTS AND CONSENSUS PROCESS: A working group of 8 experts in this field was convened to develop this guideline. The working group developed and refined the guideline through a series of conference calls. OUTCOMES The goal of treatment is to eradica...