When the government subsidizes a commodity, it normally intends to promote production and/or consumption of that commodity for either political, environmental, or economic reasons. Today one major subsidy is the ethanol program, currently with a $0.51 per gallon subsidy, which will in the near future amount to a bill of over $3 billion annually on 6 billion gallons of production. This paper inv...

  The study examines the effects of awareness of fertilizer subsidy on the yield of crops among rural farmers in Ghana. Random sampling was used to select six communities and 10 households per community. They include Bawku, Navrongo, Tolon kumbungu and Walewale from the Northern part and Ejura and Atebubu in the Southern part of Ghana. Primary data were collected from the sampled household by ...

In this paper I develop a Proxy Means Tests (PMT) model and examine several targeting lines based on 2008 household survey data to identify beneficiaries for a targeting subsidy scheme in Iran. Based on the findings of this study, setting a cut-off percentile of 40% is expected to provide compensation for almost 70 percent of the poorest households. This will result in the highest accuracy main...

The Tibetan Plateau is the world’s largest and highest plateau and holds the largest mass of ice on Earth outside the icesheets of Greenland and Antarctica, as well as abundant lakes. This study examined the molecular and isotopic signatures of dissolved organic matter (DOM) along with its biolability in glacier ice, glacier-fed streams, and alpine lakes on the Tibetan Plateau. The aim was to a...

pisciculture, especially in countries which are unable to develop their marine resources, is a desired to provide part of their food and protein needs. this study aims at investigating welfare impacts of energy subsidy removal on fish producers in fars province. to achieve the objective, cross-sectional data obtained from fish producers of fars province in 2010 was used. cost, input demand and ...

PURPOSE To test the effects of employer subsidies on employee enrollment, attendance, and weight loss in a nationally available weight management program. DESIGN A randomized trial tested the impact of employer subsidy: 100%; 80%, 50%, and a hybrid 50% subsidy that could become a 100% subsidy by attaining attendance targets. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT01756066. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Twenty ...