Diesel plasmatron reformer technology can provide substantial throughputs without the need of using a catalyst The use of the special plasma facilitates robust noncatalytic conversion of diesel fuel into hydrogen rich gas with hydrogen yields that could be sufficient for NOx trap regeneration applications. Higher yields can be obtained with the use of a catalyst. Plasmatron reformers could also...

INTRODUCTION Advanced propulsion systems involve highly complex combustion flow processes. Extensive and accurate flowfield measurements can help to guide and support engine development. For example, in the hypersonic dual-combustor ramjet, the subsonic combustion chamber operating at fuel-rich conditions generates a complex multiphase combustion flow comprising liquid fuel droplets, soot parti...

Maternal factors can have major imprinting effects on homeostatic mechanisms in the developing fetus and newborn. Here we studied whether supplemented perinatal polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) influence energy balance and fuel homeostasis later in life. Between day 10 after conception and day 10 after delivery, female rats were subjected to chow enriched with 10% fish-oil (FO-rich). Fish oi...

BACKGROUND Globally, the development of a cost-effective long-term renewable energy infrastructure is one of the most challenging problems faced by society today. Microalgae are rich in potential biofuel substrates such as lipids, including triacylglycerols (TAGs). Some of these algae also biosynthesize small molecule hydrocarbons. These hydrocarbons can often be used as liquid fuels, often wit...

The aim of this analysis is to assess the issues of cost, safety, performance, and environmental impact associated with the production of hydrogen by so called "Area II" technologies, not presently funded by the U.S. DOE Hydrogen Program. The hydrogen (H2) rich feedstocks considered are: water, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) rich sub-quality natural gas (SQNG), and ammonia (NH3). Three technology areas...

The fuel selection of muscle fibres at rest is dependent on substrate availability. Increased lipid availability results in an increase citrate concentration with inhibition of glycolysis. Fat utilization also increases the concentration ratio acetyl-CoA:CoASH, with inhibition of PDH transformation to the active form. The result is an inhibition of carbohydrate utilization in conformity with th...

Before predictable periods of high nutritional demand and little or no intake, vertebrates store fuel mainly composed of energy-dense lipids or energy-poor but protein-rich muscle tissue. Documenting contrasts in fuel composition and storage patterns within species, or even within individuals, would greatly help to elucidate the functional significance of the variety of storage strategies demon...

Particulate emissions from a production gasoline direct injection spark ignition engine were studied under a typical cold-fast-idle condition (1200 rpm, 2 bar NIMEP). The particle number (PN) density in the 22 to 365 nm range was measured as a function of the injection timing with single pulse injection and with split injection. Very low PN emissions were observed when injection took place in t...