A natural reach of montane stream (length 96 m and 7 m width) was grided into 150 cells (2 × 2 m). Density and biomass of fish (Salmo trutta L. and Cottus poecilopus Heckel) were estimated at each cell, as well as stream depth, current velocity, Froude number, bed granulation and its roughness were measured, and benthic samples from exposed bricks were collected from mid August to early October...

Air-water flow measurements were conducted in two large-size stepped chute facilities (θ = 3.4 & 16o) to study experimental distortion caused by scale effects and result extrapolation to prototypes. The stepped geometries corresponded to moderate slopes typical of embankment dams and storm waterways. Experimental data included distributions of air concentration, air-water flow velocity, bubble ...

Free-surface flow over a bottom topography with an asymptotic depth change (a `step') is considered for di erent ranges of Froude numbers varying from subcritical, transcritical, to supercritical. For the subcritical case, a linear model indicates that a train of transient waves propagates upstream and eventually alters the conditions there. This leading-order upstream influence is shown to hav...

According to Kelvin, a point pressure source uniformly traveling over the surface of deep calm water leaves behind universal wake pattern confined within $39^{\circ}$ sector and consisting so-called transverse diverging wavefronts. Actual ship wakes differ in their appearance from both each other Kelvin's prediction. The difference can be attributed deviation limit for given shape disturbance q...

We investigate the nonlinear evolution of pairs three-dimensional, equal-sized and opposite-signed vortices at finite Froude Rossby numbers. The two may be offset in vertical direction. initial conditions stem from relative equilibria obtained numerically quasi-geostrophic regime, for vanishing first address linear stability vortices, show that all offsets, are sensitive to an instability when ...

in this research, the numerical method of computational fluid dynamics and dimensionless parameter of froude number have been applied to determine the flow regime over ogee spillways.froude number is a dimensionless dynamic parameter calculated using the square root of the ratio of inertia force and gravitational force. considering that the study of the regimes of flow over hydraulic structures...

hydraulic jump on adverse stilling basin is an unstable phenomenon which causes some complexities in controlling of the   jump. this paper considers the stability of free hydraulic jump on adverse stilling basins from a theoretical point of view. a minimum value of upstream froude number is needed to produce the free hydraulic jump on adverse stilling basins which was presented by a theoretical...