A weak concept of compactness for nonmonotonic logics is proposed, which is suitable for several nonmonotonic logics, for which Makinsons smallest cumulative extension as well as Freund/Lehmanns canonical extension fail.

Muramyl dipeptide, N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine, induced adjuvant arthritis in WKA rats when injected in a water-in-oil emulsion prepared with Freund incomplete adjuvant (Difco), but not when emulsified with Drackeol and Arlacel A.

Extract of Harpagophytum procumbens (devil's claw) has become the focus of research as a potential therapeutic agent in the treatment of rheumatic arthritis and pain due to its favorable side effects profile compared to synthetic alternatives. This superior safety of treatment is very valuable, especially in view of that in mandatory long duration of therapy in chronic diseases. None of NS...

Gauge functions significantly generalize the notion of a norm, and gauge optimization, as defined by [R. M. Freund, Math. Programming, 38 (1987), pp. 47–67], seeks the element of a convex set that is minimal with respect to a gauge function. This conceptually simple problem can be used to model a remarkable array of useful problems, including a special case of conic optimization, and related pr...

The theory behind the success of adaptive reweighting and combining algorithms (arcing) such as Adaboost (Freund & Schapire, 1996a, 1997) and others in reducing generalization error has not been well understood. By formulating prediction as a game where one player makes a selection from instances in the training set and the other a convex linear combination of predictors from a finite set, exis...

One of the central tenets of life-span psychology is that the process of development entails gains and losses that occur over the entire life span. Thus, Paul and Margret Baltes (1990) conceptualized successful aging as a lifelong process of maximizing gains and minimizing losses by means of three processes: selection, optimization, and compensation (SOC). This article reviews empirical studies...

Gauge functions significantly generalize the notion of a norm, and gauge optimization, as defined by Freund (1987), seeks the element of a convex set that is minimal with respect to a gauge function. This conceptually simple problem can be used to model a remarkable array of useful problems, including a special case of conic optimization, and related problems that arise in machine learning and ...

This routine solves a complex sparse non-Hermitian system of linear equations: Ax 1⁄4 b; using an RGMRES (Saad and Schultz (1986)), CGS (Sonneveld (1989)), Bi-CGSTAB(‘) (Van der Vorst (1989), Sleijpen and Fokkema (1993)), or TFQMR (Freund and Nachtigal (1991), Freund (1993)) method. F11DSF allows the following choices for the preconditioner: no preconditioning; Jacobi preconditioning (Young (19...

H. Fernau, R. Freund and M. Holzer, Character recognition with k-head finite array automata, Advances in Pattern Recognition, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 1998, Volume 1451, pp 282-291. H. Fernau and R. Freund, Bounded Parallelism in Array Grammars used for Character Recognition, Advances in Structural and Syntactical Pattern Recognition, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 1996, Volume 11...

The authors have no conflict of interest to declare. Data available from the Dryad Digital Repository https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.z34tmpgdx (Freund et al., 2021). Please note: publisher is not responsible for content or functionality any supporting information supplied by authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed corresponding author article.