Thanks to multiple recirculation of process water, the German paper industry has succeeded in decreasing the specific fresh water demand from an average of 50 m3/t thirty years ago to 13 m3/t today. Although the increasing closure of white water loops creates many problems, it is bound to be part of the German paper industry's ongoing development. For a few years, in the production of packaging...

Viruses which formed plaques on lawns of a eucaryotic, chlorella-like green alga were detected in 37% of the 35 freshwater samples surveyed. Virus populations, monitored in seven locations, fluctuated both qualitatively and quantitatively over an 8-month period.

A method is described whereby dielectrophoresis of algal cells is used to perform rapid water quality analysis, specifically detecting the presence of CuSO4. The dielectric collection spectrum of the fresh water alga Selenastrum capricornutum was determined for a range of concentrations of CuSO4 from 25 mg L(-1) to 0.25 mg L(-1) for exposure times of 15 min and 18 h. In all cases increasing the...

The present study demonstrates a methodology for optimization of environmental data acquisition. Based on the premise that the worth of data increases in proportion to its ability to reduce the uncertainty of key model predictions, the methodology can be used to compare the worth of different data types, gathered at different locations within study areas of arbitrary complexity. The method is a...

Sediments of the Nezam-Abad area, south-east of Bam have been studied for the first time. Sedimentary facies are composed of thin-bedded clay, silt and fine grained sand interbedded with thin laminated limestone. Chemical analysis of X-Ray florescent indicates that more than 50% of sediments consist of silisium and aluminum oxide that can be used for reconstruction of environment. Ninety eight ...

FLEMING, WARREN R., AND JON G. STANLEY. Effects of rapid changes in salinity on the renal function of a euryhaline teleost. Am. J. Physiol. 2og(5) : 1025-1030. Ig65.--Techniques developed to study renal function of the euryhaline teleost, Fund&s kansae, are described. Effects of a sudden transfer from fresh water to sea water on urine flow and urine and serum osmotic pressures were studied. Glo...

The effect of salinity on hatching, larval survival and infectivity of Anguillicola crassus was studied under experimental conditions using eggs obtained from naturally infected eels. Egg hatching rate, second-stage larval survival and larval infectivity were maximal in fresh water and declined with increase in salinity. Larvae survived up to 100 d in fresh water, 70 d in 50 % sea water and 40 ...

At least potentially karstifiable rocks cover much of the surface of Egypt and northern Libya. Study of caves and other karstic features of this region has been hampered by lack of roads, rapid disintegration of the surface of friable, poorly consolidated limestone, wind-blown sand and other factors. Interbedding with marly aquicludes hampers speleogenesis locally. Calcareous and evaporite kars...

A MORPHOLOGICAL BASIS FOR OSMOREGULATION IN THE TELEOSTS WAS STUDIED BY COMPARING THE FINE STRUCTURE OF CHLORIDE CELLS FOUND IN EPITHELIA OF THE GILLS OF THREE SPECIES OF FISH: Fundulus heteroclitus which can survive in a wide range of salinities, and F. similis and F. chrysotus which are usually restricted to salt water and fresh water environments, respectively. Gills were removed from F. het...