This paper describes a method of deriving channel parameters for a time-dispersive (=frequency-selective) radio channel from simple wide-band power measurements. A novel relationship is found allowing the estimation of the root-mean-square (rms) delay spread from such data. Furthermore, we describe a set of equations that can be used for fitting the (measured) channel parameters to a mathematic...

We present a contrast source inversion (CSI) algorithm using a finite-difference (FD) approach as its backbone for reconstructing the unknown material properties of inhomogeneous objects embedded in a known inhomogeneous background medium. Unlike the CSI method using the integral equation (IE) approach, the FD-CSI method can readily employ an arbitrary inhomogeneous medium as its background. Th...

Frequency-domain optical coherence tomography (FD-OCT) is a novel technology which provides high-resolution cross-sectional images of coronary arteries. The aim of this study was to evaluate the inter-scan reproducibility of geometric FD-OCT measurements in the clinical setting. We examined 20 coronary lesions using FD-OCT. Following the FD-OCT image acquisition (1st pullback), and after the di...

This paper describes a proposal to incorporate nite domain constraints in a functional logic system. The proposal integrates functions, higher-order patterns, partial applications, non-determinism, logical variables, currying, types, lazyness, domain variables, constraints and nite domain propagators. The paper also presents TOY(FD), an extension of the functional logic language TOY that provid...

Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS) constitute a revolutionary technique of beneficially reconfiguring the smart radio environment. However, despite fact that wireless propagation is time-varying nature, most existing RIS contributions focus on time-invariant scenarios for following reasons. ...

This paper offers a new indulgence to the present literature by integrating role of fiscal decentralization (FD) in affecting ecological footprint (EF). So, this study considered effect FD on EF existence energy consumption (EC), technological innovation (TI), gross domestic product (GDP), and trade openness (TOP) from 1990 2018 Pakistan. We employ econometric methods like Bayer & Hanck...

We have investigated a method for solving the inverse problem of determining the optical properties of a two-layer turbid model. The method is based on deducing the optical properties (OPs) of the top layer from the absolute spatially resolved reflectance that results from photon migration within only the top layer by use of a multivariate calibration model. Then the OPs of the bottom layer are...

In this paper, we have developed a method to compute fractal dimension (FD) of discrete time signals, in the time domain, by modifying the box-counting method. The size of the box is dependent on the sampling frequency of the signal. The number of boxes required to completely cover the signal are obtained at multiple time resolutions. The time resolutions are made coarse by decimating the signa...

Classically, an energy detector is implemented in time domain (TD). However, frequency domain (FD) based energy detector has demonstrated an improved performance. This paper presents a comparison between the two approaches as to analyze their pros and cons. A detailed performance analysis of the classical TD energy-detector and the periodogram based detector is performed. Exact and approximate ...

Channel estimation is a key technology for wireless optical communication (WOC) systems. Based on the training sequence (TS), this article develops three frequency domain (FD) channel estimation approaches for diffuse wireless optical channels. Considering the propagation property of light and the characteristics of optical modulation, this article establishes a link model for the indoor WOC sy...