In vitro testing of drugs with excised human skin is a valuable prerequisite for clinical studies. However, the analysis of excised human skin presents several obstacles. Ongoing drug diffusion, microbial growth and changes in hydration state influence the results of drug penetration studies. In this work, we evaluate freeze-drying as a preserving preparation method for skin samples to overcome...

Vacuum freeze-drying has been considered the best dehydration process for thermolabile products because it reduces nutritional and sensorial degradation. As water is removed from a pre-frozen product, a porous structure is formed, which results in a dehydrated product that has better properties when rehydrated.1 This technique springs up rapidly along with the development of refrigeration, vacu...

1 Department of Pharmaceutics, Seven Hills College of Pharmacy, Tirupathi, AP, India. 2 Faculty, Department of Pharmaceutics, OMER EL MUKHTAR University, Al-Beida, Libiya 3 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shankarlingam Bhuvaneswari College of Pharmacy, Sivakasi, TN,India 4 Principal, Seven Hills College of Pharmacy, Tirupathi, AP, India 5 Research Director, Seven Hills College of Pharma...

We compared hepatitis B virus (HBV) surface antigen, anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibody, and HCV RNA quantification in frozen and freeze-dried serum samples to assess the usefulness of freeze-dried sera for detection of HBV and HCV. The results indicated that freeze-dried sera as well as frozen sera can be useful for serological and molecular biological analyses of HBV and HCV.

Erythrocytes collected from 1-day-old chicks were stabilized by fixation with formaldehyde and by freeze-drying after treatment with carbon monoxide. Suspensions of freeze-dried erythrocytes in distilled water or physiological saline had a homogeneous bright reddish-purple color. Freeze-dried erythrocytes were compared with fresh erythrocytes for hemagglutination and hemagglutination-inhibition...

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In this talk I present several models which turned out to be quite successful in reproducing the experimentally measured hadron spectra in nucleus-nucleus collisions. The discussed models use concepts borrowed from relativistic hydrodynamics but they do not include the complete time evolution of the system. For this reason, they may be called hydro-inspired (freeze-out) models. The measured par...

This dissertation examines the phenomenology of statistical hadronization at ultrarelativistic energies. We start with an overview of current experimental and theoretical issues in Relativistic heavy ion physics. We then introduce statistical hadronization, and show how it gives a description of particle abundances and spectra through relativistic covariance and entropy maximization. We argue t...