Formation and equilibrium studies have been performed on the Swarthmore Spheromak Experiment (SSX). Spheromaks are formed with a magnetized coaxial plasma gun and equilibrium is established in both small (dsmall = 0.16 m) and large (dlarge = 3dsmall = 0.50 m) copper flux conservers. Using magnetic probe arrays we have verified that spheromak formation is governed solely by gun physics (in parti...

We study the equilibrium states for an energy functional with a parametric force field on a region of a surface. Consideration of free equilibrium states is based on Lyusternik - Schnirelman's and Skrypnik's variational methods. Consideration of equilibrium states under a constraint of geometrical character is based on an analog of Skrypnik's method, described in [P. Vyridis, {it Bifurcation in...

Abstract The accurate calculations of adsorption equilibrium for multicomponent gas systems are of great importance in many applications. In this paper, five two-dimensional equations of state 2D-EOS, i.e. Van der Waals, Eyring, Zhou-Ghasem-Robinson, Soave-Redlich-Kwong and Peng-Robinson, were examined to find out their abilities to predict adsorption equilibrium for pure and multi-component ga...

Crystal structures of several bacterial Na(v) channels have been recently published and molecular dynamics simulations of ion permeation through these channels are consistent with many electrophysiological properties of eukaryotic channels. Bacterial Na(v) channels have been characterized as functionally asymmetric, and the mechanism of this asymmetry has not been clearly understood. To address...

In the present paper, a new 2-D Van der Polstructural oscillator model is introduced for the vortex induced vibrations of circular cylinders.The main purpose of this task is to control the recently introduced model by means of modern control definitions in state space. In order to control the system, the whole model is linearized about its equilibrium point by deriving state-space matrices. The...

Simulation of chemical element adsorption, release, and transport is possible without the need to perform time consuming, detailed adsorption studies on multiple samples by incorporating prediction equations into chemical speciation–transport models before simulating. Adsorption models also assume that the chemical species in a mixture is at chemical equilibrium which is the state in which the ...

The possibility of relapse is introduced into a mathematical model for the transmission of Plasmodium vivax malaria. In the model, the human population is divided into four classes: susceptible, infected, dormant and recovered. Loss of immunity by individuals in the recovered class moves these individuals back into the susceptible class. Two equilibrium states are found, a disease-free state an...

The free energy of the supersymmetric t − J model is expressed in terms of finite temperature excitations above thermodynamic equilibrium. This reveals that the free energy has the form of noninteracting fermions with temperature dependant excitation spectra. We also discuss the ground state and zero temperature excitations. PACS numbers:75.10-b 71.20AD

We investigate the oscillatory reaction dynamics in a closed isothermal chemical system: the reversible Lotka-Volterra model. The second law of thermodynamics dictates that the system ultimately reaches an equilibrium. Quasistationary oscillations are analyzed while the free energy of the system serves as a global Lyapunov function of the dissipative dynamics. A natural distinction between regi...

A common approach to study nucleation rates is the estimation of free-energy barriers. This usually requires knowledge about the shape of the forming droplet, a task that becomes notoriously difficult in macromolecular setups starting with a proper definition of the cluster boundary. Here we demonstrate a shape-free determination of the free energy for temperature-driven cluster formation in pa...