Presence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) defined as decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and/or increased urine albumin excretion is associated with heightened risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and all-cause as well as CVD mortality. Although CKD is strongly linked with CVD, it remains undetermined whether this strong association is simply due to shared CVD risk factors or unique trait...

AIM To assess the coronary heart disease (CHD) risk and prevalence of the metabolic syndrome (MS) in patients with schizoaffective disorder (SD) receiving antipsychotics. METHODS Patients meeting DSM-IV criteria for SD and receiving antipsychotic treatment were recruited in a retrospective, cross-sectional, multicenter study (the CLAMORS study). MS was defined as at least three of the followi...

OBJECTIVES To assess 1) the association of lipid oxidation biomarkers with 10-year coronary artery disease (CAD) events and subclinical atherosclerosis, and 2) the reclassification capacity of these biomarkers over Framingham-derived CAD risk functions, in a general population. METHODS Within the framework of the REGICOR study, 4782 individuals aged between 25 and 74 years were recruited in a...

In Homework 1, we did a problem where we calculated the parameters of the Framingham risk score for predicting cardiovascular disease (CVD). In this problem, we will revisit the parameters of the Framingham risk score in a more realistic setting using the more sophisticated optimization tool of linear least squares. In the problem in Homework 1, we determined four parameters of Framingham risk ...

BACKGROUND Risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) derived from the Framingham study are widely used to guide preventive efforts. It remains unclear whether these risk factors predict CVD death in racial/ethnic minorities as well as they do in the predominately white Framingham cohorts. METHODS AND RESULTS Using linked data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III (...

BACKGROUND In the Eplerenone Post-Acute Myocardial Infarction Heart Failure Efficacy and Survival Study (EPHESUS), aldosterone blockade with eplerenone decreased mortality in patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction and heart failure after acute myocardial infarction. The present study was performed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of eplerenone compared with placebo in these patie...

OBJECTIVES To investigate the performance of classic risk factors, and of some new biomarkers, in predicting cardiovascular mortality in very old people from the general population with no history of cardiovascular disease. DESIGN The Leiden 85-plus Study (1997-2004) is an observational prospective cohort study with 5 years of follow-up. SETTING General population of the city of Leiden, the...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate QRISK2 and Framingham cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk scores in a tri-ethnic U.K. population. DESIGN Cohort study. SETTING West London. PARTICIPANTS Randomly selected from primary care lists. Follow-up data were available for 87% of traced participants, comprising 1866 white Europeans, 1377 South Asians, and 578 African Caribbeans, aged 40-69 years at baseline (199...

INTRODUCTION It has been demonstrated that skin tissue cholesterol (SkinTc) is associated with angiographic disease. Now, we further delineate the relative risk of multivessel disease (>50% stenosis in at least two vessels) in the conjoint presence of high SkinTc and high traditional risk burden. METHODS Patients scheduled for angiography (N = 649) had SkinTc measured immediately prior to the...