Microarchitecture of trabecular bone is a very important component of bone quality in osteoporosis and a determinant of vertebral fracture in men with low bone mineral density (BMD). In contrast to women, male osteoporosis is, in most cases, secondary. The relationships between microarchitecture and different risk factors have never been evaluated in men. About 152 men with low BMD at the lumba...

The simulation of flow and transport phenomena in fractured media is a challenging problem. Despite existing advances in computer capabilities, the fact that fractures can occur over a wide range of scales within porous media compromises the development of detailed flow simulations. Current discrete approaches are limited to systems that contain a small number of fractures. Alternatively, conti...

A new approach to grain boundary engineering (GBE) for high performance nanocrystalline materials, especially those produced by electrodeposition and sputtering, is discussed on the basis of some important findings from recently available results on GBE for nanocrystalline materials. In order to optimize their utility, the beneficial effects of grain boundary microstructures have been seriously...

The m-order connectivity index (G) m of a graph G is     1 2 1 1 2 1 ... ... 1 ( ) i i im m v v v i i i m d d d  G where 1 2 1 ... i i im d d d  runs over all paths of length m in G and i d denotes the degree of vertex i v . Also,        1 2 1 1 2 1 ... ... 1 ( ) i i im m v v v i i i ms d d d X G is its m-sum connectivity index. A dendrimer is an artificially manufactured or synth...

Relationships between the micro-architecture description of cancellous bone, obtained from medical imaging, and its mechanical properties can be used to assess the compression fracture risk at high and low strain rate. This study extends the rupture prediction to the intermediate strain rate regime. The micro-architecture description was obtained with a CT-scan, for which geometry, topology, co...

Optimal paths play a fundamental role in numerous physical applications ranging from random polymers to brittle fracture, from the flow through porous media to information propagation. Here for the first time we explore the path that is activated once this optimal path fails and what happens when this new path also fails and so on, until the system is completely disconnected. In fact numerous a...

Optimal paths play a fundamental role in numerous physical applications ranging from random polymers to brittle fracture, from the flow through porous media to information propagation. Here for the first time we explore the path that is activated once this optimal path fails and what happens when this new path also fails and so on, until the system is completely disconnected. In fact many appli...

The presence of natural fractures in reservoir rock can significantly enhance gas production, especially in tight gas formations. Any general knowledge of the existence, location, orientation, spatial density, and connectivity of natural fractures, as well as general reservoir structure, that can be obtained prior to active seismic acquisition and drilling can be exploited to identify key areas...