The possible variations of anatomical and morphological characteristics of the teeth are very important especially for the endodontic practitioner. Before beginning any kind of endodontic treatment, the clinician must be always take into account the morphological variations in pulp anatomy. Among all human teeth, the mandibular first permanent molar is one of the most important. It is often aff...

Endodontic treatment may sometimes fail because morphological features of the tooth adversely affect the treatment protocol. Maxillary second molars are recognized as usually having a single palatal root with a single palatal canal. The incidence of second palatal root in the maxillary second molar is very rare. Two cases are presented in this paper describing the endodontic management of a fou...

Objective: To determine the internal root morphology and gender variations in maxillary first permanent molars in a Kenyan population. Design: In vitro descriptive cross-sectional study. Setting: School of Dental Sciences, University of Nairobi. Subject: One hundred and eighty seven maxillary first permanent molars were collected from Kenyans of African descent aged between 10 and 40 years atte...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS It is critical to have a proper knowledge of the normal anatomy of the pulp and its variations for the success of endodontic treatment. The purpose of this study was to investigate variations in the root canal system of maxillary first permanent molars in an Iranian population. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, 137 maxillary first molars were decalcified, dye-injected, ...

The vast majority of mandibular second molars have two roots with three root canals; however, variations in molar root canal anatomy are not uncommon. To the best of our knowledge, four rooted mandibular second molar with three mesial roots and one distal root has never been reported. Herein, we present the endodontic management of a four rooted mandibular second molar tooth, diagnosed with the...

background and aims. with availability of hydrophilic sealers, drying of the canals before endodontic obturation is still a matter of debate. the aim of this study was to compare the apical micro-leakage of ah26, excite dsc, mta fillapex, and zoe sealers in dry and moist root canals. materials and methods. this experimental study was performed on 90 extracted maxillary central incisors. rotary ...

A mandibular fi rst molar with two distal roots is an interesting example of anatomic variation. This paper describes case reports of mandibular fi rst molar with three roots (one mesial and two distal) and four canals (two in mesial and one in each distobuccal and distolingual root). The canals were shaped with protaper rotary fi les and irrigated with 5.25% sodium hyochlorite, 0.2 %w/v of chl...

OBJECTIVE The microbial composition was investigated in root canals of dogs' teeth with periapical lesions induced by 2 different methods: open versus sealed canals. STUDY DESIGN Teeth from Group I (n = 16) were left open for a week, then sealed with composite resin for 120 days. The teeth from Group II (n = 16) were left open for the same period. Microbiological samples from the root canals ...

One of the main causes of endodontic treatment failure is the clinician's inability to localize all the root canals. Due to the complex anatomy of the root canal system, missed canals are not uncommon. There are several strategies to decrease the possibility of missed root canals starting with good pre-operative radiographies. In order to overcome the limitations of conventional radiographies, ...

The success of endodontic treatment depends on the identification of all root canals so that they can be cleaned, shaped, and obturated. This study investigated internal morphology of maxillary first molars by 3 different methods: ex vivo, clinical, and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) analysis. In all these different methods, the number of additional root canals and their locations, the nu...