The paper reveals the main problems and prerequisites to formation of GULAG (Chief Administration Corrective Labour Camps) in 1920s. specificity this period history is described detail. author utilizes an extensive material letters, diaries other private sources. analysis statistical data allows trace trends totalitarian system Stalinism. On example SLON (Solovetsky Special Purpose Camp), shows...

. The interdisciplinary study of manipulation in totalitarian ideologies The theme of the manipulative processes that were instrumental in installing , consolidating and preserving the totalitarian governments of the 20th century is currently attracting particular scientific and cultural interest for various reasons. Firstly the totalitarian regimes in their classical form are generally consid...

The revolution of 2020 in Belarus has often been described as a new 1989 and there is no doubt that the emancipatory appeal Belarusian protests similar to one sustained revolutions. But will building democratic system—the major aspiration protesters—follow scripts liberalization westernization evidence other eastern central European countries? Will self-determination post-Lukashenka follow scen...

romania was occupied by the soviet army in 1944 and the military seizure continued until 1958. constant interference and constraints imposed by the russian government upon romania, during this time, resulted in formation and establishment of a communist institution in the country. the communist reign in romania lasted forty four years from 1945 to 1989. the hostility of the communist government...

We use a difference-in-differences strategy that compares Communist with Western European countries to test the effect of the collapse of Communism in Eastern Europe on the flow of book translations between countries. We find that translations of Western European titles into former non-Soviet Communist countries increased by a factor of eight with the fall of Communism and reached Western level...