INTRODUCTION Patient and public involvement in healthcare planning, service development and health-related research has received significant attention. However, evidence about the role of patient involvement in quality improvement work is more limited. We aimed to characterize patient involvement in three improvement projects and to identify strengths and weaknesses of contrasting approaches. ...

This research was conducted to study the effect of gender inequality on social participation of women. The method used in this research was Ex-Post Facto and survey method. The statistical population included female students in different fields of faculty of humanities and faculty of training sciences and psychology (Islamic Azad University) Garmsar Branch in 2012-2013. Research instruments inc...

Using a unique cross-national survey of publicly traded firms in Indonesia, Korea and Thailand, we provide the first systematic cross-national evidence on the incidence, diffusion, nature, and scope of Joint Labor-Management Committees (JLMCs) and shed light on the potential role of employee stakeholders in corporate governance in Asia. We find insofar as publicly traded firms in these three co...

introduction since the introduction of development to countries after the second world war, this process has been the most significant issue, especially in developing countries. the realization of development demands exploiting the talents, capacities and active participation of people in different stages of development process, so that development and participation are considered to be interwo...

Empirical evidence has shown that off-farm non-agricultural (OFNA) employment offers a major pathway from poverty for rural populations. However, the pattern of participation in these activities is heterogeneous across categories of individuals and poorly understood. We explore the role of spillovers from peers on an individual’s participation in formal and informal OFNA employment using villag...

The Active Ageing Framework has been adapted as a global strategy in ageing policies, practices and research over the last decade. Lifelong learning, however, has not been fully integrated into this discourse. Using survey data provided by 416 adults (aged 60 years and above) enrolled in non-formal general-interest courses in a public continuing education programme in Canada, this study examine...

With the beginning of each school year athletes of all ages are gearing up to play. The National Athletic Trainers' Association offers several important tips for consideration before a player begins formal participation, including information regarding pre-participation physicals; beating the heat; locker room cleanliness; emergency action plans; and exercising caution with head injuries, inclu...

Fifteen area health services currently have formal structures for ongoing community participation. These structures are variously called health councils, health consumer networks, consumer and community health forums, and consultative committees. The role and activities undertaken vary and include local needs assessment, input to planning, and health promotion activities. The two area health se...

BACKGROUND Work participation is a common activity for young adolescents. Yet it may impact upon other aspects of their lives and their health. We sought to provide some of the first Canadian population-based estimates of 12 to 14 year olds' employment and work injury experiences, a group typically excluded from labour force statistics. METHODS Secondary data analysis of school-based surveys ...

Along with China’s economic development since the reform and opening up, political participation of Chinese citizens has increased a great deal in a variety of forms. Elections are becoming increasingly formal and substantial and the number of petitions is getting larger and larger, which are institutionalized forms of political participation. In the forms of non-institutionalized political par...