In the years 2009–2013, China carried out its eighth national survey of forest resources. Based on the survey data, this paper used a biomass conversion function method to evaluate the carbon stores and carbon density of China’s arboreal forests. The results showed that: (1) By age group, the largest portion of carbon stores in China’s arboreal forests are in middle-aged forests. Over-mature fo...

this study aims to investigate the relationships between people?s livelihoods and the woodland resources of the ganaveh watershed in southern zagros, iran, as a basis for suggestions of strategies for sustainable management of the woodland resources and improvement of the livelihoods of people in the community. household data were collected through interviews with heads of households and member...

chestnut-leaved oak (quercus castaneifolia c. a. mey) is one of the most important native oaks of iran distributed in the hyrcanian forests. the pure and mixed stands of it cover about 6.5% of these forests. the species represents morphological variations which have resulted in the description of several infraspecific taxa by different authors. eight taxa were recognized as subspecies and varie...

economic and environmental logging is important for sustainable wood production in the caspian forests, north of iran. predetermination of the skid trail network and directional felling is a usual recommended method to reduce logging impact. the aim of this study was evaluation of directional felling and finding factors effective on felling error. totally 135 trees were selected randomly for di...

Hunting with firearms decimates primates of large and medium body size (>2 kg) that disperse the seeds of large-seeded trees. In continuous, un-fragmented forests of southeastern Peru regularly hunted with firearms for 30–40 years, large primates are extirpated and medium-sized (medium) primates are reduced 61% compared with protected forests. At hunted sites seedlings and small juveniles (<1 m...

Rates and spatial patterns of tree mortality are predicted to change during forest structural development. In young forests, mortality should be primarily density dependent due to competition for light, leading to an increasingly spatially uniform pattern of surviving trees. In contrast, mortality in old-growth forests should be primarily caused by contagious and spatially autocorrelated agents...

In the Great Lakes region, little data exist on the distribution of exotic earthworm species or their relative impacts to soil structure and plant communities in forest types other than those dominated by sugar maple. Our objective was to document the earthworm populations in relation to their proximity to human development (e.g., campgrounds, boat landings, roads) in beech-maple dominated fore...

The effects of the fires that burned over 4.7 million ha of Indonesia’s tropical forests during 1997 and 1998 are largely unknown. We assess the immediate impacts of these fires on five forest areas representing several different habitats in Kalimantan 1-2 months after the fires went out. Comparisons of transects in burned and unburned forest areas were conducted at three sites: Tanjung Puting ...

Abstract Random Forests were introduced as a Machine Learning tool in Breiman (2001) and have since proven to be very popular and powerful for high-dimensional regression and classification. For regression, Random Forests give an accurate approximation of the conditional mean of a response variable. It is shown here that Random Forests provide information about the full conditional distribution...

We study spanning diverging forests of a digraph and related matrices. It is shown that the normalized matrix of out forests of a digraph coincides with the transition matrix in a specific observation model for Markov chains related to the digraph. Expressions are given for the Moore-Penrose generalized inverse and the group inverse of the Kirchhoff matrix. These expressions involve the matrix ...