Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) adopt GHz as their communication carrier, and it has been found that GHz carrier attenuation model in transmission path is associated with vegetation water content. In this paper, based on RSSI mechanism of WSN nodes we formed vegetation dehydration sensors. Through relationships between vegetation water content and carrier attenuation, we perceived forest vegetat...

This study focuses on two Mediterranean beech forests located in northern and southern Italy and therefore subjected to different environmental conditions. The research goal was to understand C storage in the forest floor and mineral soil and the major determinants. Relative to the northern forest (NF), the southern forest (SF) was found to produce higher amounts of litterfall (4.3 vs. 2.5 Mg·h...

Floodplain roughness parameterization is one of the key elements of hydrodynamic modeling of river flow, which is directly linked to safety level estimation of lowland fluvial areas. Necessary input parameters are median grain size for unvegetated areas, vegetation density for forest and vegetation height and density for herbaceous vegetation. This paper presents a method for spatially distribu...

the underground temperature at a depth of about three to four meters is almost constant during the year. as a result in summer the underground is cooler than the ambient temperature. this potential is considered for greenhouse cooling by using an earth-to-air heat exchanger (eahe). in this research the effects of two parameters were investigated: a) the area of greenhouse in three levels of 9, ...

Disturbance regimes are changing worldwide, and the consequences for ecosystem function and resilience are largely unknown. Functional diversity (FD) provides a surrogate measure of ecosystem function by capturing the range, abundance and distribution of trait values in a community. Enhanced understanding of the responses of FD to measures of vegetation structure at landscape scales is needed t...

Bolitoglossa colonnea is a member of the Bolitoglossa striatula group (sensu Wake and Lynch 1976) that inhabits low to intermediate elevations on the Caribbean slope of Costa Rica and Panama, and the Golfo Dulce area in southwestern Costa Rica and extreme western Panama. Due to their secretive habits and the low density in which these tropical salamanders generally occur, observations are rare ...

A strategy to measure bacterial functional redundancy was developed and tested with soils collected along a soil reclamation gradient by determining the richness and diversity of bacterial groups capable of in situ growth on selected carbon substrates. Soil cores were collected from four sites along a transect from the Jamari tin mine site in the Jamari National Forest, Rondonia, RO, Brazil: de...

Pollen analysis of a high altitude bog (Winterton Bog) and an alluvial soil sequence in the upper Awatere catchment on the western flanks of the Inland Kaikoura Range, and radiocarbon dates on wood and charcoal from the Marlborough region, have established a Holocene (post 10 000 years B.P.) vegetation history for this area. The upper slopes of the catchment were almost entirely clad in Podocar...