which are more prevalent in low-income communities (5–7). The reasons underlying the suboptimal intake of fruits and vegetables in the United States are likely to be varied and complex and require much further investigation. I agree that food price influences food choice and that energy cost is inversely related to energy density. However, it does not necessarily follow that energy cost is the ...

* Disclaimer: The views presented in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of DFID i Acknowledgements The authors are very grateful to Issa Sanogo and Joyce Luma of WFP for all their help at various stages with this paper. Also thanks to David Dawe from FAO, as well as to everyone who attended the January 2010 workshop at ODI on country responses to the ...

BACKGROUND Global food prices have risen sharply since 2007. The impact of food price spikes on the risk of malnutrition in children is not well understood. OBJECTIVE We investigated the associations between food price spikes and childhood malnutrition in Andhra Pradesh, one of India's largest states, with >85 million people. Because wasting (thinness) indicates in most cases a recent and sev...

Using panel data on urban households, we investigate which groups were most vulnerable to the large food price shocks that occurred between 2004 and 2008 in Ethiopia. Econometric results for consumption growth models and for a model of the perceived severity of food price shocks indicate that the type of household most vulnerable to the food price inflation has few household members, a high dep...

The present paper analyzes propagation of shocks to food and energy prices in 46 countries with data from the period 1999-2010. The empirical evidence suggests that in only one of the countries considered, a shock to the price of either energy or food shows no propagation to the prices of the goods and services included in the core inflation measure. In general, the propagation effect of food p...

Managing food price risks and instability is a major challenge in the midst of ongoing food market reforms. This article summarizes the key findings from the papers in this special volume (the result of an international workshop of academics and practitioners). Questions addressed revolve around five broad areas: (i) the sources and magnitudes of food price instability in different country cont...

Yemen is considered a global terrorist base for Al-Qaeda and in recent years rampant violence is threatening social order. Here we show that the socio-economic origins of violence recently changed. Prior to 2008, violence can be attributed to inter-group conflict between ethnically and religiously distinct groups. Starting in 2008, increasing global food prices triggered a new wave of violence ...

in the process of milk production, the highest cost relates to animal feed. based on reports provided by the experts, around seventy percent of dairy livestock costs included feed costs. in order to minimize the total price of livestock feed, according to the limits of feed sources in each region or season, and also the transportation and maintenance costs and ultimately milk price reduction, o...