Flavone acetic acid (FAA) is an investigational drug that augments natural killer activity, induces the genes for aand 7-interferon (IFN) and tumor necrosis factor a, and synergizes with recombinant interleukin 2 for the successful treatment of murine renai cancer. However, in most clinical studies of FAA only minimal immunomodulatory effects have been reported. Most of the patients in these st...

n 1958, Congress enacted the Food Additives Amendment (FAA) to the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetics Act amid growing concern over the safety of substances added to foods. The FAA set forth standards and guidelines by which the safety of food additives must be established before they can be added to foods (FAA, 1958). The FAA contained an exclusion provided by Congress for substances “generally...

When food availability is restricted to a single time of day, circadian rhythms of behavior and physiology in rodents shift to anticipate the predictable time of food arrival. It has been hypothesized that certain food-anticipatory rhythms are linked to the induction and entrainment of rhythms in clock gene expression in the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus (DMH), a putative food-entrained circ...

Circadian activity rhythms are jointly controlled by a master pacemaker in the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) and by food-entrainable circadian oscillators (FEOs) located elsewhere. The SCN mediates synchrony to daily light-dark cycles, whereas FEOs generate activity rhythms synchronized with regular daily mealtimes. The location of FEOs generating food anticipation rhythms, and the ...

The ability to sense time and anticipate events is a critical skill in nature. Most efforts to understand the neural and molecular mechanisms of anticipatory behavior in rodents rely on daily restricted food access, which induces a robust increase of locomotor activity in anticipation of daily meal time. Interestingly, rats also show increased activity in anticipation of a daily palatable meal ...