We report the effect of linear absorption on self-focusing. Our experimental results show that power loss due to linear absorption before focus is responsible for the increase in the threshold power for self-focusing and that the critical power is independent of the linear absorption.

Shiffman rightly raises questions about who exercises power in global health, suggesting power is a complex concept, and the way it is exercised is often opaque. Power that is not based on financial strength but on knowledge or experience, is difficult to estimate, and yet it may provide the legitimacy to make moral claims on what is, or ought to be, on global health agendas. Twenty years ago p...

in diasporic literature the question of identity is tangled with the question of history. this study aims at discussing how yasmin crowther reviews the persian tradition in the saffron kitchen, her autobiographical novel which is mainly set-in early 60s, iran. the novel focuses on evoking and rewriting history by using different types of counter narratives that contrast with iranian hegemonic d...

We apply well known nonlinear diffraction theory governing focusing of a powerful light beam of arbitrary shape in medium with Kerr nonlinearity to the analysis of femtosecond (fs) laser processing of dielectric in sub-critical (input power less than the critical power of self-focusing) regime. Simple analytical expressions are derived for the input beam power and spatial focusing parameter (nu...

We have numerically investigated the behavior of the fundamental mode of a step-index, multimode (MM) fiber as the optical power approaches the self-focusing limit (P(crit)). The analysis includes the effects of gain and bending (applicable to coiled fiber amplifiers). We find power-dependent, stationary solutions that propagate essentially without change at beam powers approaching P(crit) in s...

Wireless networks are increasingly deployed with the availability of inexpensive wireless network devices [blu, , Stemm et al., 1996]. These networks are power constrained since nodes operate with limited battery power. Therefore, there has been an increased interest in energy efficient communication protocols. This chapter gives a background on current research for energy efficient media acces...