Abstract Recent experiments on mucociliary clearance, an important defense against airborne pathogens, have raised questions about the topology of two-dimensional (2D) flows, such as proportion topologically closed and open streamlines. We introduce a framework for studying ensembles 2D time-invariant flow fields estimating probability particle to leave finite area (to clear out). establish two...

Abstract. Assessing the robustness of a water resource system's performance under climate change involves exploring wide range streamflow conditions. This is often achieved through rainfall–runoff models, but these are commonly validated historical conditions with no guarantee that calibrated parameters would still be valid in different climate. In this note, we introduce new method for statist...

Abstract Immersed boundary method is used for simulation of fluid flow through random packed beds various particles (cylinders and rings) obtained in a separate numerical the packing process. Due to complexities structure velocity also highly complex despite laminar regime. The statistical characteristics field are examined detail compared between packings - not only probability distribution bu...