Despite detailed knowledge of the sensory-motor interactions during elevator muscle timing for the generation of a 'functional' flight motor pattern in flying locusts, there is little information about how a possible shift in the onset of elevator activity is correlated with changes in flight variables under closed-loop conditions (i.e. during free flight). Free-flight variables were investigat...

Most birds rely on flight for survival. Yet as an energetically taxing and physiologically integrative process, flight has many repercussions. Studying pigeons (Columba livia) and employing physiological and immunological indices that are relevant to ecologists working with wild birds, we determined what, if any, acute immune-like responses result from bouts of intense, non-migratory flight. We...

The Protein Folding Database (PFD) is a publicly accessible repository of thermodynamic and kinetic protein folding data. Here we describe the first major revision of this work, featuring extensive restructuring that conforms to standards set out by the recently formed International Foldeomics Consortium. The database now adopts standards for data acquisition, analysis and reporting proposed by...

The national forest sector: context and issues Productive closed forests on drained land in Cameroon cover about 17.5 million hectares (Eba’a Atyi 1998). A zoning plan drafted in 1993 divided the national territory into a permanent forest domain (PFD) and a non-permanent forest domain (NPFD). The bulk of annual timber production is harvested in about 100 Forest Management Units (FMU) inside the...

The linear quadratic Gaussian-loop transfer recovery procedure is a classical method to desensibilise a system in closed loop with respect to disturbances and system uncertainty. Here an extension is discussed, which avoids the usual loss of performance in LTR, and which is also applicable for non-minimum phase systems. It is also shown how the idea can be extended to other control structures. ...

A two phase novelty detection approach to locating abnormalities in the descent phase of aircraft flight data is presented. It has the ability to model normal time series data by analysing snapshots at chosen heights in the descent, weight individual abnormalities and quantitatively assess the overall level of abnormality of a flight during the descent to a given runway. The method models norma...

For planning grasps and other object manipulation actions in complex environments, 3D semantic information becomes crucial. This paper focuses on the application of recent 3D Time-of-Flight (ToF) cameras in the context of semantic scene analysis. For being able to acquire semantic information from ToF camera data, we a) pre-process the data including outlier removal, filtering and phase unwrapp...

The 2 out of 4-system (2oo4) is an advanced safety architecture. A 2oo4-system is 2-failure safe, this means that at least two of the four channels have to work correctly in order to trigger the safety function. In order to classify the quality of a system different parameters have to be calculated, like the PFD and MTTF. In this paper, equations are indicated for PFD for normal and common-caus...