The crew pairing problem is an airline optimization problem where a set of least costly pairings (consecutive flights to be flown by a single crew) that covers every flight in a given flight network is sought. A pairing is defined by using a very complex set of feasibility rules imposed by international and national regulatory agencies, and also by the airline itself. The cost of a pairing is a...

This paper proposes amatrix-basedmodeling approach for analyzing spaceflight campaign logistics. A campaign is considered to be a series of coordinatedflights delivering cargo at a location or node. Amatrix representation of the cargo carried by flights for consumption in different time periods (or missions) is formulated. The matrix adopts specific structures based on the nature of the campaig...

NASA is investigating revolutionary crew-vehicle interface technologies that strive to proactively overcome aircraft safety barriers that would otherwise constrain the full realization of the next-generation air transportation system. A fixed-based piloted simulation experiment was conducted to evaluate the complementary use of Synthetic and Enhanced Vision technologies. Specific focus was plac...

BACKGROUND The environment of spaceflight may elevate an astronaut's clinical risk for specific diseases. The purpose of this study was to derive, as accurately as currently possible, an assessment of in-flight clinical "incidence" data, based on observed clinical symptoms in astronauts on board the International Space Station (ISS). METHODS Electronic medical records were examined from 46 lo...

NASA is constructing a series of handheld test vessels to study key characteristics of low-g capillary flows aboard the International Space Station (ISS). The Capillary Flow Experiment (CFE) consists of 6 approximately 1 to 2 kg flight units designed to probe certain capillary phenomena of fundamental and applied importance, such as; capillary flow in complex containers, critical wetting in dis...

INTRODUCTION The human balance system comprises of the semi-circular canals, which sense rotation of the head, and the otoliths, which act as linear accelerometers. On Earth, the otoliths sense the constant linear acceleration of gravity, and this information is used by the brain to determine the spatial vertical, and the orientation of the head with respect to the vertical. This information is...

Our primary goal was to determine the effects of 6-mo flight on the International Space Station (ISS) on selected anaerobic and aerobic enzymes, and the content of glycogen and lipids in slow and fast fibers of the soleus and gastrocnemius. Following local anesthesia, biopsies were obtained from nine ISS crew members ∼45 days preflight and on landing day (R+0) postflight. We subdivided the crew...

Commercial aviation has progressed quite a bit from the early days of the 1900's to the present-day period. This progression we refer to is in relation to technological advancements, namely, automated systems. Today we use automation for marketable safety and economic benefits such as fuel savings, enhanced reliability, ease in maintenance support, reduction in crew complement, reduced crew tra...

A simulation of integrated air and ground operations was conducted to demonstrate procedures, flight management automation, data link technology, and air traffic control decision support tools for improving Air Traffic Management (ATM) efficiency. Air traffic controllers managed simulated arrival traffic using Center-TRACON Automation System (CTAS) tools. Flight crews in Flight Management Syste...

We use the Predicate-Action Diagrams of Lamport to express the description of the operation of the Airbus A320 braking systems contained in the Flight Crew Operating Manual. This helps identify ambiguities and incompleteness.