Tom20 is a major receptor of the mitochondrial preprotein translocation system and is bound to the outer membrane through the NH(2)-terminal transmembrane domain (TMD) in an Nin-Ccyt orientation. We analyzed the mitochondria-targeting signal of rat Tom20 (rTom20) in COS-7 cells, using green fluorescent protein (GFP) as the reporter by systematically introducing deletions or mutations into the T...

The eukaryotic genome is partitioned into chromatin domains containing coding and intergenic regions. Insulators have been suggested to play a role in establishing and maintaining chromatin domains. Here we describe the identification and characterization of two separable enhancer blocking elements located in the 5' flanking region of the chicken alpha-globin domain, 11-16 kb upstream of the em...

We have isolated the gene encoding the delta subunit of the mouse skeletal muscle acetylcholine receptor (AChR) and have identified a 148-bp cis-acting region that controls cell type-specific and differentiation-dependent gene expression. The 5' flanking region of the delta subunit gene was fused to the protein-coding region of the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) gene and gene fusions w...

Serine-threonine protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is a trimeric holoenzyme that plays an integral role in the regulation of cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis. The substrate specificity and (sub)cellular localization of the PP2A holoenzymes are highly regulated by interaction with a family of regulatory B subunits (PP2A-Bs). The regulatory subunit PP2A-B/PR55δ (PP2A-Bδ) is involving in th...

We have identified a protein, BAF1, which has two oppositely oriented, partially overlapping binding sites within a symmetrical sequence located midway between and upstream of the divergently transcribed YPT1 and TUB2 genes of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The 120 kd BAF1 protein was purified to near homogeneity and used to delineate the two binding sites and to identify apparent protein ...

A laboratory colony was established in order to enable molecular sexing in premature stages in the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens. We found four male-specific amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs) in the planthopper, and sequenced one of the AFLPs along with its 5' flanking region (1,423 bp in total). PCR primers were designed based on the nucleotide sequence information so tha...

To examine which sequences are involved in regulating the potato sucrose synthase gene Sus3-65, we examined a series of deletion and substitution constructs in transgenic potato and tobacco plants. In a construct containing 3.9 kb of 5' flanking region, substitution of the native 3' sequence with the nopaline synthase 3' sequence and deletion of the leader intron did not significantly affect ex...