Globally, 230,662 metric tons of liquid egg products are marketed each year. The presence of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) or Newcastle disease in an exporting country can legitimately inhibit trade in eggs and processed egg products; development and validation of pasteurization parameters are essential for safe trade to continue. The HPAI virus (HPAIV) A/chicken/Pennsylvania/1370/19...

BACKGROUND In epidemiologic research, little emphasis has been placed on methods to account for left-hand censoring of 'exposures' due to a limit of detection (LOD). METHODS We calculate the odds of anti-HIV therapy naiveté in 45 HIV-infected men as a function of measured log(10) plasma HIV RNA viral load using five approaches including ad hoc methods as well as a maximum likelihood estimate ...

in the present study, five log-normal models, normal model (n), and two four- parameter models namely gompertz (g) and fredlund (fr) were tested on 71 psd data from 10 soil textural classes. the jaky (j) and fr models had the smallest and largest r2 values for all of the soils, respectively. the results of comparing the n and simple log-normal (sl) models showed that the accuracy of the n model...