In a model with endogenous number of innovating firms, we show that whether patent protection increases R&D investment is ambiguous, and depends on the market demand function and the cost of R&D. If the market size increases with number of firms, patent protection reduces R&D investment if the cost of R&D is sufficiently high, and higher product differentiation increases the possibility of lowe...

This paper presents the case for and the evidence in favour of passive investment strategies and examines the major criticisms of the technique. I conclude that the evidence strongly supports passive investment management in all markets—smallcapitalisation stocks as well as large-capitalisation equities, US markets as well as international markets, and bonds as well as stocks. Recent attacks on...

This paper analyzes the relative performance of two market-based fisheries management instruments in the presence of a stochastic stock-recruitment relation. Regulators are forced to choose either a fee per fish landed or a quota on the total fish harvest at a time when they are uncertain what will be the stock of fish recruits that will actually materialize during the next fishing period. With...

The major markets for ornamental fish are the Far East, the United States of America and the European Union (EU). Although the Far East is the principal source of both supply and demand for ornamental species, there is considerable movement of fish between these three areas. The author makes a detailed appraisal of the sources of supply and the destination for imports into EU Member States. Som...

A new semi-quantitative analytical method for mercury determination in gold prospecting areas, and 16 new local users, 5 in Itaituba-Brazil and 11 in ManadoIndonesia, were trained for using it as an alternative and low cost method for mercury determination in fish in August and September 2003. This experience demonstrated the spreading potential throughout those areas of such low-cost method an...

Chemical analyses were performed on one hundred and twenty of the most popular varieties of fish products (smoked fish, salted fish, and marinated fish) of the fish market in Poland. The contents of the nutritive substances of fish products (protein, micro- and macronutrients, vitamins A(1), D(3), E, and fatty acids) and the chosen contaminant (toxic metals--mercury, cadmium, lead, arsenic; dio...

background and objective: photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae is a marine pathogenic bacterium which causes disease in marine animals and human. this bacterium mostly found in coastal shallow seawater. so, the aim of this study was isolation and characterization of photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae from edible fish of persian gulf, bandar abbas. material and methods: totally 100 fish ...

This paper examines the nature of market orientation (MO) in entrepreneurial firms and proposes a conceptual model of market firm interface appropriate to entrepreneur led firms.

Based on a feasibility analysis on the product and source market orientation of the Ailing River Drifting Scenic Spot, this article explores its product quality as well as market strategies in four aspects including product, price, promotion and place.