We welcome the correspondence from Fischer and colleagues regarding our recent paper on vocal learning in chimpanzee food grunts [1]. Fischer et al. make two challenges to our paper's conclusions, which we address here.

BACKGROUND The aim of the present study was to examine if differences in the endocannabinoid (ECB) system might be linked to strain specific variations in reward-related behavior in Fischer344 (Fischer) and Wistar rats. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Two rat strains, the Fischer and the Wistar strain, were tested for different aspects of reward sensitivity for a palatable food reward (sweeten...

Fischer 344 rats fed on a diet that is deficient in selenium are more resistant to the hepatocarcinogen aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) than those fed on a selenium-sufficient diet. Hepatic cytosol from either selenium-deficient Fischer 344 rats or Hooded Lister rats possesses a marked increase in both reductase activity toward AFB1-dialdehyde and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity toward AFB(1)-8,9-...

Michael Fischer has proposed a mutual exclusion algorithm that ingeniously exploits real time. We prove this algorithm using the time-honored technique of establishing an appropriate invariant.

In this paper we give some general results on the non-splitextension group $overline{G}_{n} = 2^{2n}{^{cdot}}Sp(2n,2), ngeq2.$ We then focus on the group $overline{G}_{4} =2^{8}{^{cdot}}Sp(8,2).$ We construct $overline{G}_{4}$ as apermutation group acting on 512 points. The conjugacy classes aredetermined using the coset analysis technique. Then we determine theinertia factor groups and Fischer...

background: providing a cross-sectional image is essential for preimplant assessments. computed tomography (ct) and cone beam ct (cbct) images are very expensive and provide high radiation dose. tangential projection is a very simple, available, and low-dose technique that can be used in the anterior portion of mandible. the purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of tangential proje...