Using a fast X-ray tomography setup measurements have been done on a 25 cm diameter f luidized bed of Geldart B pow^der and a 24 cm bed of Geldart A powder. The average bubble sizes have been determined over a measurement period of 60 seconds. The resolution of this setup is about 4.5 m m per pixel at a rate of 250 reconstructions per second. I t is possible to detect bubbles as small as 2.5 cm...

A sampling protocol was developed to examine particles released from granular activated carbon filter beds. A gauze filter/Swinnex procedure was used to collect carbon fines from 201 granular activated carbon-treated drinking water samples over 12 months. Application of a homogenization procedure (developed previously) indicated that 41.4% of the water samples had heterotrophic plate count bact...

Recently, more attentions have been focused on the exploration of hemicelluloses in the paper industry. In this work, xylan-grafted-polyacrylamide (xylan-g-PAM) biopolymers were synthesized by the graft copolymerization of xylan with acrylamide, and their interaction with fibers was also investigated to improve waste newspaper pulp properties with or without cationic fiber fines. The influences...

Private risk reduction will be socially efficient only when firms are liable for all the damage that they cause. We find that environmental insurance can achieve social efficiency even when two traditional policy instruments--ex post fines and risk management mandates with ex ante fines--do not. Inefficiency occurs with ex post fines, when small firms declare bankruptcy and escape their liabili...

The effect of adsorbed and soluble carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) on dispersing, dewaterability, and fines retention of pulp fibre suspensions was investigated. CMC was added to a suspension in the presence of electrolytes, causing its adsorption to the fibre surfaces, or to a suspension without electrolytes, so that it stayed in the liquid phase. Both the CMC adsorbed on fibre surfaces and that...

Forest conservation efforts through regulatory enforcement routinely failed to prevent large scale deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon. However, a turning point occurred in 2005, when a combination of unfavorable economic conditions and an unprecedented coordinated effort between governmental institutions resulted in a gradual slowdown in deforestation. The continuation of this deforestation ...

The sharp, nonoverlapping Raman bands for plagioclase, pyroxene, and olivine would be advantageous for on-surface, active mineralogical nalysis of lunar materials. A robust, light-weight, low-power, over-based Raman spectrometer with a laser exciting source, entirely transmission-mode holographic optics, and a charge-coupled device (CCD) detector could fit within a <20 cm cube. A sensor head on...

Each year, millions of tons of agricultural residues such as wheat straw are produced worldwide. In this paper, we describe ongoing efforts to solve technological, infrastructural, and economic challenges to using this straw for bioenergy and bioproducts. Among these challenges, silica in straw forms a low-melting point eutectic with potassium, causing excessive slagging deposits in boilers. Th...

THE effect of moisture content, fine material con­ centration and bulk density on the airflow resistance of long-grain rough rice was determined. Airflow resistance was measured at air velocities ranging from 0.013 to 0.387 mis, bulk densities from 480 to 604 kg/m3, fines concentrations from 0 to 30% and moisture contents from 12 to 24 %. Airflow resistance was accurately described by an empiri...

In this work, a continuous crystallization process with a fines trap is modeled in an effort to produce tetragonal hen-egg-white (HEW) lysozyme crystals with a desired shape distribution. The crystal shape of tetragonal lysozyme crystals is defined by the aspect ratio of the crystal heights in the direction of the (110) and (101) faces. A kinetic Monte Carlo (kMC) simulation is used to model th...