BACKGROUND Households' financial protection against health payments and expenditures and equity in utilization of health care services are of the most important tasks of governments. This study aims to measuring equity in household's health care payments according to fairness in financial contribution (FFC) and Kakwani indices in Tehran-Iran, 2013. METHODS This cross-sectional study was condu...

OBJECTIVE The regulations for financing assistive technology devices (ATDs) are complex and fragmented and, thus, might influence adequate provision of these devices to people who need multiple ATDs. This study aims to explore and analyze patients' problems with the provision and financing of ATDs for the following two rare diseases: amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and Duchenne muscular dys...

Financing behavior, based on the financing decision made by the owner of urban rail transit projects, will directly affect the capital cost of its operation and the construction schedule of the project. This paper intended to combine financing demand and financing options with the project construction schedule, quality and investment management, and based on DEMATEL methodology, to identify and...

We propose a two-stage process called minority voting to allocate public projects in a polity. In the first period, a society decides by a simple majority decision whether to provide the public project. If the proposal in the first period is rejected, the process ends. Otherwise the process continues, but only the members of the minority keep agenda and voting rights for the second stage, in wh...

currently, one of the most important challenges to smes is financing as their managers are faced with many problems in this area. in this study the barriers to smes financing were identified by using q methodology which is a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods. after literature review and conduct of interviews with 12 executive managers of smes, 64 barriers were identified to th...

Chattel paper is one of the categories of personal property identified in the Personal Property Securities Act 2009 (Cth) (“PPSA”). The concept derives from Article 9 of the United States Uniform Commercial Code and it appears also in all the Canadian provincial personal property security statutes and the New Zealand Personal Property Securities Act 1999. The main reason the PPSA distinguishes ...

Countries need short, medium, and long-term investment plans for production growth and development. Different sources for these investments can be supplied through retained profit, stock issuance, and bank loans, or a combination them. Institutions and firms need huge amount of capitals for their survival, production, and also development of activities. In addition, these institutions and firms...

Financing is the bottleneck that restricting the development of China's small and medium enterprises. The root cause of financing difficulty for SMEs is the serious information asymmetry that exists between financial institutions, which lead to adverse selection and moral hazard. In this paper, financing theories of SMEs information dissymmetry and credit rationing theories are used to analyze ...

Background: Households’ financial protection against health payments and expenditures and equity in utilization of health care services are of the most important tasks of governments. This study aims to measuring equity in household’s health care payments according to fairness in financial contribution (FFC) and Kakwani indices in Tehran-Iran, 2013. Methods: This cross-sectional study was c...

This EIF Working Paper takes a holistic approach to investigate SME financing patterns in Europe by performing a cluster analysis including 12,726 SMEs in 28 European countries. The results reveal that SME financing in Europe is not homogenous but that different financing patterns exist. The cluster analysis identifies six distinct SME financing types: mixed-financed SMEs, statesubsidised SMEs,...