Microfibrillated celluloses (MFCs) have mechanical properties sufficient for packaging applications but lack water vapor barrier properties in comparison to petroleum-based plastics. These properties can be modified by the use of mineral fillers, added within the film structure, or waxes, as surface coatings. In this investigation it was determined that addition of fillers resulted in films wit...

it is proposed to use a single base platform in the persian gulf considering its low depth and more appropriate environmental conditions in comparison to north sea and mexico gulf where this kind of platform is very popular. the pile of platform is responsible for transmission of environmental loads resulted from waves, currents, wind and dead loads to foundation of platform. using sacs 5.3 sof...

In this study, a grain-scale modelling technique has been developed to generate the capillary pressure-saturation curves for swelling granular materials. This model employs only basic granular properties such as particles size distribution, porosity, and the amount of absorbed water for swelling materials. Using this model, both drainage and imbibition curves are directly obtained by pore-scale...

The piped water consumption per capita is more than 142 cubic meters per year in Iran that is higher than the consumption per capita of some water-filled European countries such as Belgium and Austria. The use of drinking water for washing dishes, clothes, cars as well as bathing and watering gardens are of the important reasons for piped water high consumption in Iran. However, different lifes...

Ligands usually bind to proteins by displacing water from the binding site. The affinity and kinetics of binding therefore depend on the hydration characteristics of the site. Here, we show that the extreme case of a completely dehydrated free binding site is realized for the large nonpolar binding cavity in bovine beta-lactoglobulin. Because spatially delocalized water molecules may escape det...

The frequency dependent ac conductivity and permittivity of porous lead zirconate titanate ceramic with the pore volume filled with water are shown to match the simulated electrical response of a large network of randomly positioned resistors and capacitors. Anomalous power law dispersions in conductivity and permittivity are shown to be an electrical response characteristic of the microstructu...

The objective of this study is to obtain quantitative evidence of pore-scale immiscible fluid distribution in oil-wet and water-wet porous media using X-ray computed microtomography. Temporal and spatial saturation profiles, as well as surface and interfacial areas, are thoroughly analyzed through cycles of drainage and imbibition using samples with different wetting characteristics but similar...

Although there appears to be some evidence to suggest that the concentration of CO2 in the soil may have A model that couples the diffusion of O2 to plant roots at the an effect on plant growth, the major effect of poor microscale to diffusion of O2 through the soil at the macroscale is derived. The solution is complex, but if the length scales (Zr and Zm; aeration on plant growth is the lack o...

approach of organic material anaerobic biodegradation and species of organic matter in sediment are discussed, and then a classifying method of the species is proposed on a new viewpoint. the pore water sediment oxygen demand (sod) numerical model in bottom sediment system is proposed originally, which differs from other advection-dispersion-sorption (ads) model in adding a sod-creating term. t...