Aphids display an abundance of adaptations that are not easily studied in existing model systems. Here we review the biology of a new genomic model system, the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum. We then discuss several phenomena that are particularly accessible to study in the pea aphid: the developmental genetic basis of polyphenisms, aphid-bacterial symbioses, the genetics of adaptation and mech...

Object Oriented Programming (OOP) is continuously gaining new domains of application. We address in this work a study of several important design and implementation issues in one of such new domains: parallel evolutionary algorithms (PEAs). These algorithms are heuristics aimed at performing search, optimization, and machine learning tasks. We will identify the potential and actual advantages o...

Introduction Beach pea (Lathyrus maritimus [L.] Bigel.), a potential cold-climate circumpolar legume crop, naturally grows along the shorelines of Newfoundland, Canada. It is perennial and persistent for many years, and is resistant to drought and frost. It forms large continuous stands by rhizomes and has prolific seed production. Sometimes, the vegetative parts of beach pea are used as fodder...

Two experiments evaluated digestive and performance effects of field pea-based creep feed in nursing calf diets. In Exp.1, eight nursing steer calves (145 +/- 27 kg initial BW) with ruminal cannulas were used to evaluate effects of supplementation and advancing season on dietary composition, intake, digestion, and ruminal fermentation characteristics. Treatments were unsupplemented control (CON...

Field assessments were conducted to examine the interplay between host plant and predation in complex agricultural mosaic on pea aphid clover and alfalfa races. In one experiment, we examined the relative fitness on clover race (CR) and alfalfa race (AR) pea aphids on broad bean, red clover and alfalfa alone. But because clover is typically grown in a more complex agricultural mosaic with alfal...

In the present work, Pulsed Electro Acoustic (PEA) technique was adopted to understand the space charge dynamics in elastomeric material. It is observed that the polarity of the applied DC voltage voltage and its magnitude alters the space charge dynamics in insulation structure. It is also noticed that any addition of compound to the base material/processing technique have characteristic varia...