introduction radiotherapy planning systems require many percentage depth dose (pdd) and profile measurements and there are various dosimeters that can be used to obtain these scans. as dose perturbation is particularly troublesome in smaller photon fields, using a low-perturbation, unshielded electron field diode (efd) in these fields is of interest. the aim of this work was to investigate the ...

introduction: public and occupational exposure to extremely low frequency (elf) electric and magnetic fields induced by electrical equipment is a significant issue in the environment and at the workplace due to their potential health effects on public health. the purpose of this study was assessment of the electric and magnetic fields intensities and determination of mental and psychological ef...

the ardabil geothermal area is located in the northwest of iran, which hosts several hot springs. it is situated mostly around the sabalan mountain. the sabalan geothermal area is now under investigation for the geothermal electric power generation. it is characterized by its high thermal gradient and high heat flow. in this study, our aim is to determine the fractal parameter and top and botto...

background: we aimed to compare field-in-field technique (fif) with conformal tangential field radiotherapy (crt) in terms of dosimetric benefits for early stage breast cancer radiotherapy. materials and methods: twenty consecutive left-side breast cancer patients who underwent breast-conserving surgery were included to the study. for each patient, two different treatment plans were created for...

moment-resisting frames have extensive usage in earthquake-prone areas and high ability in energy dissipation.after the earthquake in northridge 1994,kobe 1995 fixed connections of steel structures have shown poor performance and generally they were caught brittle fracture of beam flange weld to the column.in order to remedy to avoid similar situations in future earthquakes,researchers introduc...

the entanglement at zero-temperature is studied in a two-qubit xz spin-1/2 chain model in anexternal magnetic field which is applied in the z direction. we have obtained an analytical relation forthe effect of the external magnetic field on the concurrence. it is shown that the ground state of thesystem depends on the strength of exchange coupling. we have shown that the analytical relation oft...

this is a descriptive comparative field study. the aim is to describe views of male nurses and teachers about increasing population and then compare the view with each other. sample was 40 male nurses and 40 male teachers which selected by simple random sampling. the tool for data gathering was a questionnaire with three parts. the first part was demographic data, the second and third part were...