INTRODUCTION Giant fibroadenoma is an uncommon variant of benign breast lesions. Aberrant methylation of CpG islands in promoter regions is known to be involved in the silencing of genes (for example, tumor-suppressor genes) and appears to be an early event in the etiology of breast carcinogenesis. Only hypermethylation of p16INK4a has been reported in non-giant breast fibroadenoma. In this par...

Human sodium iodide symporter (hNIS), responsible for the active transport of iodine is an integral plasma membrane glycoprotein present in the thyroid cells and extrathyroid tissues like breast and salivary glands. If its functional form is unequivocally shown in benign or malignant breast tissues, then it may serve as a basis for diagnosis and treatment using radioactive iodine. With an aim t...

BACKGROUND The cytologic accuracy in assessing malignancy in papillary breast neoplasms (PBNs) is controversial. This is further complicated by overlapping features observed in other breast lesions that produce papillary-like tissue fragments. METHODS The authors reviewed 22 fine-needle aspirates (FNAs) from histologically proven papillary neoplasms: papillary carcinoma (PCA; 10 aspirates) an...

BACKGROUND Fibroadenomas (FAs) are the most common tumors of the breast clinically and pathologically in adolescent and young women but may be discovered at any age. With increasing use of core biopsy rather than excision for diagnosis, it is now commonplace to follow these lesions with imaging. PURPOSE To assess the incidence of epithelial abnormalities (atypia, in situ or invasive, ductal o...

Adenomyoepithelial adenosis of the breast is extremely rare. We treated a 35-year-old woman with two small painless hard lumps in her breasts. On ultrasonography, the lesion in the right breast (upper inner quadrant) showed heterogeneous echogenicity and irregular, well-defined, uniformly hypoechoic nodules separated by funiform hyperechoic areas. The entire lesion had unclear boundaries. Excis...

abstract background breast carcinoma is uncommon in women under 25 and very rare in less than 20 years old. only few cases of infiltrating breast carcinoma have been reported and among them there was no report of medullary subtype. the purpose of this report is to determine clinical, histopathological and sonographic findings of large mass in breast of young female patient that diagnosed as med...