This paper investigates the impact of Medicare HMO penetration on the medical care expenditures incurred by Medicare fee-for-service (FFS) enrollees. We find that increasing penetration leads to reduced spending on FFS beneficiaries. In particular, our estimates suggest that the increase in HMO penetration during our study period led to approximately a 7% decline in spending per FFS beneficiary...

Starch (SS) and fermented fiber (FFS), as energy sources were included in Holstein bull calf diets to evaluate their growth performance, rumen fermentation pattern and concentration of insulin and selected blood metabolites. Fourteen Holstein bull calves (BW=94.5±2.1 kg; age 87±9 d) were allocated to treatments (n=7 calves per treatment) and the study lasted 10 weeks. The diets were based on ba...

Quantitative analysis of protein complex stoichiometries and mobilities are critical for elucidating the mechanisms that regulate cellular pathways. Fluorescence fluctuation spectroscopy (FFS) techniques can measure protein dynamics, such as diffusion coefficients and formation of complexes, with extraordinary precision and sensitivity. Complete calibration and characterization of the microscop...

Detecting fraudulent financial statements (FFS) is critical in order to protect the global financial market. In recent years, FFS have begun to appear and continue to grow rapidly, which has shocked the confidence of investors and threatened the economics of entire countries. While auditors are the last line of defense to detect FFS, many auditors lack the experience and expertise to deal with ...

In this study, we explore the research published from 2015 to 2020 on importance of family firms (FFs) sustainability. Our results come a content analysis 28 studies topic. Further, they deal with small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in construction industry Italy Spain. These mainly follow quantitative approach data survey. This study’s main contribution regards identification three sorts aspec...

The Medicare Payment Advisory Commission (MedPAC) has identified two important problems with the Medicare+Choice (M+C) program: nationwide geographic inequity in government-financed benefits, and unequal government payments for M+C plans versus fee-for-service (FFS) Medicare in the same market area. MedPAC concludes that both problems cannot be solved simultaneously. We argue that both problems...

T h e testabili ty of a sequential circuit can be i m proved by controlling the clocks of individual storage elements during testing. W e propose several clock control strategies derived f r o m a n analysis of the circuit, i t s S-graph structure, and i ts funct ion. Through examples we show how the number of clocks aflects the circuit’s testability. It i s shown that if certain flip-flops (FF...

BACKGROUND In the running community, a forefoot strike (FFS) pattern is increasingly preferred compared with a rearfoot strike (RFS) pattern. However, it has not been fully understood which strike pattern may better reduce adverse joint forces within the different joints of the lower extremity. PURPOSE To analyze the 3-dimensional (3D) stress pattern in the ankle, knee, and hip joint in runne...