The paper argues that the Smart City idea lacks grounding in shared base technology and instead yields black-box artefacts. The reliance on black-box systems in public governance is considered a great hazard since it may result in sinecures, stifles democratic control of the public domain, and results in neo-feudal monopolies. Base technology (such as the WWW technology stack) on the other hand...

The term and concept of sustainable development date back to 18 century Germany, when economic shortages (firewood for silver smelting) led to the introduction of sustainability principles in forest management. Similar concepts arose in France and in Britain. The strategies suggested in feudal Europe resemble quite closely today’s discussion: to shift towards sustainable consumption and product...

Trunsuctions are vitu1 .for multi-level secure dutubase munugement systems(MLSh7BMSs) because concurrent e.recution of trunsuctions potentiullv has conflicrs among their uccessing to shured ciutu. Wlea conflict occurs, only one trunsuction i,c. grunted to u c ~ e s s the shared data, olhrr transactions should be delayed until they can sufely use the datu. ‘T7m.w conjlicts may leud to the securi...

IN OLD CIVILIZATIONS LIKE India and other Asian countries, libraries have been in existence since early times. Recent political and economic developments which have brought about various types ofchanges in these countries are also reflected in the evolution of information systems. India's educational system had a definite elitist slant in medieval times and the legacy of feudalism during the Br...

Given their ease of use and capability for interactivity new media are seen as having the potential to make visible previously marginalized voices. The online presence of the writing of history is increasing, and this potential would be a welcome development for the field as it would create a much richer set of easily available historical perspectives. However, this article suggests that the ac...

This paper will outline the evolution of western concepts of land and property, from the tribal period through feudalism, the industrial revolution, capitalism/socialism and the current Kenyesianism/Privatisation phase which leads into globalisation and other trends. Examples will be given of the interrelationship between socio-economic changes, the dynamics of the humankind to land relationshi...

The paper discusses erotic desire and the motif of going on pilgrimage in the opening of Geoffrey Chaucer’s General Prologue to The Canterbury Tales and in William Shakespeare’s sonnets. What connects most of the texts chosen for consideration in the paper is their diptych-like composition, corresponding to the dual theme of eros and pilgrimage. At the outset, I read the first eighteen lines of...

In large networks, heterogeneity in hardware, operating systems, user needs, and administrative responsibility often forms boundaries that inhibit sharing of information, expertise, and responsibility. These boundaries can divide networks into ‘feudal fiefdoms’ of administrators, each with a disjoint domain of responsibility. DISTR is an easy-to-use file distribution tool for homogeneous networ...

turgenev was born in a respected and wealthy family that had piled up great wealth in feudalism system.he witnessed how his mother treated their workers and gradually developed deep enmity with the system. ivan sergeyevich turgenev published “a sportsman’s notebook” in 1852. he did not see the peasant as properties of the landlords and pictured their characteristics as key elements with realist...

The importance of the research was represented in highlighting possibility success through inclusion development institutions, community awareness, and economic developmental successes. As for second topic, it dealt with search alternatives project building a civil democratic state Iraq accompanying demands that included emergence political feudalism new pattern tyranny, as well reliance on Leb...