background: endometrial secretion analysis is a non-invasive and promising method in evaluation of endometrial receptivity. objective: the aim of the present study was to assess the relationship between the success rate of ivf procedures and some endometrial secretion cytokines, including interleukin-1β (il-1β), tumor necrosis factor (tnf-α), interferon gamma-induced protein 10 (ip-10), and mon...

Standardization of fertilization protocols for sterlet Acipenser ruthenus is crucial for improving reproductive techniques and for conservation purposes. Our objectives were to determine the number of sperm (tested 430,000:1, 43,000:1, 4300:1, 430:1 sperm to egg) required to fertilize eggs and explore how pre-incubation of eggs in freshwater for 0min, 0.5min, 1min, and 10min interacts with diff...

Cropping practices are necessary in order to help reduce the population of pest insect, such as the induction of resistance through fertilization. Therefore, this study aimed to assess alterations on the production and quality of Brachiaria ruziziensis when receiving the fertilization composed by the macronutrients NPK and/or exposed to the attack of Mahanarva spectabilis nymphs and adults. B. ...

Rhodamine (rh) phalloidin was used as a probe for actin filaments in living eggs and was observed using confocal microscopy. Exogenous, rh phalloidin labeled actin filaments were injected into eggs and were observed to translocate in the cytoplasm. At fertilization, filaments accumulated at the fertilization cone. Rh phalloidin alone, injected at concentrations that did not interfere with ferti...

Fertilization is a cell-cell recognition process that occurs between two distinct cells: a small asymmetric and motile sperm cell and a large and nonmotile egg. The stages of fertilization can be divided into four processes: 1) sperm preparation, 2) sperm-egg recognition and binding, 3) sperm-egg fusion and 4) fusion of sperm and egg pronuclei and activation of the zygote. The specific structur...

Fertilization commonly increases biomass production in loblolly pine ( Pinus taeda L.). However, the sequence of short-term physiological adjustments allowing for the establishment of leaf area and enhanced growth is not well understood. The effects of fertilization on photosynthetic parameters, root respiration, and growth for over 200 d following the application of diammonium phosphate were i...

Background: Mitochondria are the most aboudent and small essential organelles found in eukaryotic cells. These are semiautonomous organelles for the production of cellular ATP that through its various biochemical pathways. The primary pathway for ATP production is OXPHOS via the electron transfer chain (ETC) which is encoded by nuclear DNA and mtdna genomes. Mitochondria consist of double stran...

In this study, we applied version 4.5 of the Community Land Model (CLM) at a 0.1258 resolution to provide the first county-scale model validation for simulating crop yields over the Conterminous United States (CONUS). Large bias was found in simulating crop yields against U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) survey data, with county-level root-mean-square error (RMSE) of 42% and 38% for simula...

Fertilization efficiency in free-spawning invertebrates in the marine environment depends on the complex interaction between biological and physical factors. Experimental evidence indicates that in some taxa, a considerable amount of fertilization may take place on the substrate and within flow structures in close proximity to a spawning female. Gametes can be retained on a spawning animal, res...

Although theory and widespread evidence show that the evolution of egg size is driven primarily by offspring and maternal fitness demands, an additional explanation invokes sperm limitation as a selective force that could also influence egg size optima. Levitan proposed that constraints from gamete encounter in external fertilization environments could select for enlargement of ova to increase ...