The authors declare no conflict of interest. The caries-controlling or preventing effect of xylitol is more than just excluding fermentable sugars from the diet. This review aims to discuss the specific effects of xylitol which could have contributed to the results of the caries trials. Xylitol promotes mineralization by increasing the flow of saliva, an effect it has in common with all sweeten...

In 1950 Pan and his associates (1) reported the conversion of maltose into non-fermentable sugars by an enzyme solution obtained from Aspergillus niger. They isolated a crystalline, non-fermentable, reducing trisaccharide from the reaction mixture (2). Structural studies by French (3) and by Wolfrom et al. (4) have shown this trisaccharide to be a 4-a-isomaltosyl-n-glucose (panose). In a prelim...

Lignocellulose is the most abundant biopolymer on earth. The hydrolysis of lignocellulose to fermentable sugars a prerequisite for its successful use as substrate large-scale production value-added industrial products. Enzymatic carried out by cellulases, hemicellulases, and ligninases in synergy or individually. review describes enzymatic cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin. Information solid-pha...

A revalorization of discarded carrots as substrate for the production of second-generation ethanol is proposed. In order to increase the fermentable sugar concentration of the musts two strategies were studied: Strategy 1 consisted in the enzymatic hydrolysis of bagasse must and Strategy 2 by which carrots were milled, dropped into distilled water and hydrolyzed with different enzymes prior to ...

This study evaluated a cost-effective approach for the conversion of rice straw into fermentable sugars. The composition of rice straw pretreated with 1 % sulfuric acid or 1 % sodium hydroxide solution was compared to rice straw with no chemical pretreatment. Enzymatic saccharification experiments on non-pretreated rice straw (NPRS), pretreated rice straw (PRS), and pretreated rice straw with a...