Sonography is a necessary part of neuroradiology. Its relative importance will increase as the sonographic images improve and the funds provided for diagnostic imaging decrease. We urge the incorporation of neurosonographic training into our neuroradiology fellowship programs and more widespread use of sonography in neurodiagnosis.

To the Editor: In their Research Letter, Drs Niederle and Roth reported that fellowship markets without a match offered similar salaries as those that do. Although the authors acknowledged that “the market for fellowships is not the same as the market for residencies,” they nonetheless concluded that “eliminating the resident match would not necessarily increase residents’ wages.” Their underly...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Despite a paucity of women occupying leadership positions in academic medicine, studies have shown a higher ratio of female representation in the program director position compared with division chief in multiple specialties. This study aims to determine whether this trend exists in 3-year gastroenterology fellowships in the United States and to evaluate for any factors that...

G eneralist physicians often pursue fellowship training to develop skills and expertise that will help them toward establishing academic careers. In part 1 of this two-part series, we discussed issues relevant to effective learning and development during the early part of fellowship. 1 Here we offer advice, from our experience as former general medicine fellows and a fellowship program director...

The Association of Pathology Chairs (APC) leads and serves as the voice of academic pathology through engagement, advocacy, education, resource development and networking. In pursuing its goals, APC serves the interests of the profession of pathology as well as academic medical centers and the public at large, and envisions and supports excellence in all missions of academic pathology. The foll...

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS To determine factors that laryngology fellowship directors believe are most important in choosing a fellow and that laryngology applicants believe are most important in choosing a program. The number of laryngology fellowship programs and the number of laryngology fellowship applicants have been increasing in recent years. Selection criteria in choosing a fellow or fellows...

SPECIAL REPORTS 139 Pre-existing policy and opinion have suggested that the maldistribution of specialists should be addressed by greatly increasing the number of trainees. Current projections suggest that a substantial excess of cardiologists will develop over the next few decades. Presently, in several sectors of the U.S., a surplus of cardiologists exists. It is our consensus that the traini...

A key characteristic of malignant cancers is the ability to overcome microenvironmental controls by host, invade tissue, and reach distant sites of the body to form metastases. Cancer cells can induce profound changes in the neighbouring tissue, which in turn provides an environment that favours local tumour growth, metastatic spreading, and contributes to drug response. The host microenvironme...

End-stage renal disease (ESRD) requiring dialysis or transplantation once thought to be an orphan disease now affects over 400,000 patients in the United States. Currently, renal transplantation offers the best option for renal replacement therapy. However, majority of patients with ESRD are treated by dialysis. Significant advancements have been made in dialysis technology since chronic dialys...

Background Coupled with the expansion of simulation has been the development and growth of medical simulation fellowships. These non-accredited fellowships do not have a standardized curriculum and there are currently no studies investigating the simulation fellowship experience. The purpose of this study was to explore the simulation fellowship experience of graduates throughout North America ...