Given a set S of elements in a directed network that are initially faulty, an element becomes (functionally) faulty if all its in-neighbors or all its outneighbors are (functionally) faulty. A set S of initially faulty elements is called deadly if it causes the entire network to become faulty according to the above rule. We show that finding a minimum deadly set is NP-hard for arbitrary directe...

In this paper the design and implementation of fault tolerable architecture for scientific workflow engines is presented. The engines are assumed to be implemented as composite web services. Current architectures for workflow engines do not make any considerations for substituting faulty web services with correct ones at run time. The difficulty is to rollback the execution state of the workflo...

conclusions despite relatively high prevalence of smoking than drug use in zahedan drivers, there are few reports of these behaviors. laboratory tests cannot suitably measure substance use due to their interference with other substances. considering adverse effects of smoking on health and driving, it is necessary to train drivers to reduce or stop smoking during driving. results generally, fou...

traffic events account for about 1,200,000 deaths and more than 50 million injuries annually across the world. research shows that male drivers make up the majority of those who sustain injuries in car accidents. the present research aims to compare psychological factors affecting driving-related crashes of male and female drivers. accordingly, the sample data is collected from 208 crash-involv...