DPA (Differential Power Analysis) attacks statistically find the correlation between power consumption and secret data in crypto-hardware. WDDL (Wave Dynamic Differential Logic) is a standard cell-based countermeasure for DPA and guarantees a 100% switching factor to shield the power information. However, our experiments observe that WDDL fails to compensate the power imbalance. This paper prop...

One protection of cryptographic implementations against sidechannel attacks is the masking of the sensitive variables. In this article, we present a first-order masking that does not leak information when the registers change values according to some specific (and realistic) rules. This countermeasure applies to all devices that leak a function of the distance between consecutive values of inte...

In this study, to investigate the effect of multiple countermeasure on flow characteristics debris flows, a real-scale experiment was conducted in natural gully by reproducing with installation countermeasures. addition, topographic changes before and after were investigated using UAV-LiDAR. Based results, countermeasures against erosion deposition caused also analyzed. The significantly decrea...

In this paper, some powerful fault attacks will be pointed out which can be used to factorize the RSA modulus if CRT is employed to speedup the RSA computation. These attacks are generic and can be applicable to Shamir’s countermeasure and also applicable to a recently published enhanced countermeasure (trying to improve Shamir’s method) for RSA with CRT. These two countermeasures share some si...

Prolonged microgravity exposure disrupts bone, muscle, and cardiovascular homeostasis, sensory-motor coordination, immune function, and behavioral performance. Bone loss, in particular, remains a serious impediment to the success of exploration-class missions by increasing the risks of bone fracture and renal stone formation for crew members. Current countermeasures, consisting primarily of res...

Local scouring around bridge piers is a natural phenomenon caused by the erosive process of flowing stream on alluvial beds. The 3D flow field around bridge piers interacting with the bed materials increases complexity of local scour process. The local scour depth develops in accelerated flows and if it is not predicted correctly, the bottom level of local scour hole will exceed the original le...

Despite the use of several countermeasures, significant physiological deconditioning still occurs during long duration spaceflight. Bone loss – primarily due to the absence of loading in microgravity – is perhaps the greatest challenge to resolve. This paper describes a conceptual Gravity Loading Countermeasure Skinsuit (GLCS) that induces loading on the body to mimic standing and – when integr...

6 LIST OF ORIGINAL PAPERS 7 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS 8 INTRODUCTION 9 AIMS 12 BACKGROUND 13 Sleep 13 A model of sleep regulation 13 Sleep EEG and sleep stages 14 Sleep cycles 15 Sleepiness 16 Definitions 16 Prevalence of sleepiness 17 Sleep deprivation 18 The Circadian rhythm 19 The Sleep debt 20 Shift work and sleepiness 22 The Countermeasures 23 Sleep, naps or breaks as countermeasure 23 Drugs a...

Information leakage of general input operations using button images in graphical user interface on touch screen monitors was experimentally investigated from images reconstructed by receiving the electromagnetic noise. In the experimental investigations for input operations of a personal identification number, it was confirmed that when a button image was touched, the touched button image can b...