Family farming, crop science and ‘globalisation’ together largely determine progress against poverty. Faster in 1960-90 than at any time in world history, such progress has slowed down. So have ‘land reform’ and science-based rises in small farmers’ staples food productivity, while aid to agriculture has fallen by over two-thirds and farm prices have been further forced down (and farm science d...

INTRODUCTION Rural Road connectivity is a key component of rural development, since it promotes access to economic and social services, thereby generating increased agricultural productivity, non-agriculture employment as well as non-agricultural productivity, which in turn expands rural growth opportunities and real income through which poverty can be reduced. A study (Fan et al. 1999) carried...

The non-agricultural employment transfer of the rural labor force has fundamentally changed input in China recent decades. A good understanding how off-farm laborers affects agricultural land use is needed. We Driscoll and Kraay standard errors fixed effects model to investigate relationship between laborers’ efficiency based on a panel data 1961 counties China. find that distribution county-le...

This paper examines the impact of various farm and household characteristics (such as farm size, the off-farm employment status, the farm operator's age and schooling and the number of family members) on the level as well as the dynamics of on-farm diversification. Using linked census data for Upper-Austria from 1980, 1985 and 1990 we provide evidence that smaller farms are more specialised and...