We introduce microscopic and macroscopic stochastic traffic models including accidents. The model is based on a Follow-the-Leader approach whereas the described by scalar conservation law with space dependent flux function. Accidents are introduced as interruptions of deterministic evolution directly linked to situation. Based Lax-Friedrichs discretization convergence shown. Numerical simulatio...

Modern industrialized populations lack the strong positive correlations between wealth and reproductive success that characterize most traditional societies. While modernization has brought about substantial increases in personal wealth, fertility in many developed countries has plummeted to the lowest levels in recorded human history. These phenomena contradict evolutionary and economic models...

BACKGROUND It is reported that women in developing countries reach menopause earlier compared to developed countries. This seems to be due to underestimation of age at menopause as pre-menopause women who will reach menopause at older ages are commonly excluded in cross-sectional settings. In this study, we propose an estimation method which can deal with this bias. We also assessed major deter...